Food habits, physical activities and sedentary lifestyles of eutrophic and obese school children: a case–control study

Abstract

BackgroundCivilization has produced lifestyle changes; currently, people ingest more calories than are expended, resulting in obesity. This study assessed the association between dietary habits, physical activities, and sedentary behaviors and the risk of obesity in schoolchildren in Mexico City.MethodsOf 1,441 children (6–12 years old) screened in elementary schools, 202 obese (BMI ≥95th pc) and 200 normal-weight children (BMI 25th- 75th pc), as defined by the 2000 CDC criteria, were included in a case–control study. The children’s eating, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle habits were recorded using validated questionnaires. The quantity and quality of the foods were obtained, and the energy that was expended was transformed into METs. Sedentary behavior was assessed in hours. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risks of certain habits and their association with obesity.ResultsObese children ingested around of 270 Kcal less than eutrophic children. However, compared with the eutrophic children, obese children had significantly worse lifestyle habits; the children with healthy dietary habits (eating breakfast at home, bringing a school lunch, and not bringing money to purchase food) had a lower risk of obesity (OR 0.59, CI 0.46; 0.75). The quality of the eaten food was associated with a risk of obesity. Consuming fruit demonstrated an inverse association with risk of obesity (p Trend = 0.01); consumption of sweetened beverages (p Trend < 0.04) and refined carbohydrates with added fat (p Trend = 0.002) were associated with an increased risk of obesity. Children who were more physically active at school had an OR of 0.37 (CI 0.16; 0.89), those who had 3–4 televisions at home had an OR of 2.13 (CI 1.20; 3.78), and the risk of developing obesity was independent of caloric intake.ConclusionsPoorer eating habits as well as less physical activity were associated with the risk of obesity. An obesogenic environment could change if teachers and parents worked together to form healthy food intake and physical activity habits.

Influencing Factors of the Body Mass Index of Elementary Students in Southern Taiwan

“…A sedentary lifestyle is also a key risk factor for childhood obesity [5]. The present study demonstrated that participants who engaged in >60 min of television, video games, or computer usage were more prone to abnormal BMIs than those who did not engage in excessive television, video games, and computer usage.…”

“…Globally, an increased intake of energy-dense foods high in sugar and fat, and an increase in physical inactivity stemming from children’s obsession with electronic products (televisions, computers, and mobile phones) have been observed [1,5]. Studies have demonstrated that the BMI of school children is related to their physical activity levels [6,7].…”

The role of physical activity in instilling healthy lifestyle habits in children

“…Poor eating habits and low levels of physical activity were associated with the risk of obesity. An obesogenic environment could be eliminated if teachers and parents worked together to instill healthy eating and physical activity habits [14].…”

Promoting public health through nutrition labeling - a study in Brazil

“…The majority of the study respondents were women, reported purchasing packaged foods, and recognized the relevance of the information provided by nutrition labeling, which indicates that scientific information can be translated to a form that strengthens the ability of students to choose healthy foods [24]. …”