Folate Polyglutamylation Is Involved in Chromatin Silencing by Maintaining Global DNA Methylation and Histone H3K9 Dimethylation in Arabidopsis

Zhou, Hao-Ran; Zhang, Fang-Fang; Ma, Zeyang; Huang, Huanwei; Ling, Jiang; Cai, Tao; Zhu, Jian‐Kang; Zhang, Chuyi; He, Xin‐Jian

doi:10.1105/tpc.113.114678

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Tetrahydrofolates present a c-polyglutamyl tail, essential for folate (vitamin B 9 ) metabolism and function. Folate-dependent enzymes generally prefer the polyglutamated formsactually the complete loss of polyglutamation capacity is embryo-lethal (Mehrshahi et al 2010;Zhou et al 2013a)-, while membrane transporters prefer monoglutamyl forms (Suh et al 2001). Because protein-bound folates are protected from hydrolization, the polyglutamyl tail not only regulates their function and compartmentation but also their catabolism (Suh et al 2001).…”

Section: Amino Acids In Vitamin Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant amino acid-derived vitamins: biosynthesis and function

Miret

Munné‐Bosch

2013

Amino Acids

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Vitamins are essential organic compounds for humans, having lost the ability to de novo synthesize them. Hence, they represent dietary requirements, which are covered by plants as the main dietary source of most vitamins (through food or livestock's feed). Most vitamins synthesized by plants present amino acids as precursors (B1, B2, B3, B5, B7, B9 and E) and are therefore linked to plant nitrogen metabolism. Amino acids play different roles in their biosynthesis and metabolism, either incorporated into the backbone of the vitamin or as amino, sulfur or one-carbon group donors. There is a high natural variation in vitamin contents in crops and its exploitation through breeding, metabolic engineering and agronomic practices can enhance their nutritional quality. While the underlying biochemical roles of vitamins as cosubstrates or cofactors are usually common for most eukaryotes, the impact of vitamins B and E in metabolism and physiology can be quite different on plants and animals. Here, we first aim at giving an overview of the biosynthesis of amino acid-derived vitamins in plants, with a particular focus on how this knowledge can be exploited to increase vitamin contents in crops. Second, we will focus on the functions of these vitamins in both plants and animals (and humans in particular), to unravel common and specific roles for vitamins in evolutionary distant organisms, in which these amino acid-derived vitamins play, however, an essential role.

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Section: Amino Acids In Vitamin Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant amino acid-derived vitamins: biosynthesis and function

Miret

Munné‐Bosch

2013

Amino Acids

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“…The same study demonstrated a release of transcriptional gene silencing in plants treated with methotrexate (MTX). Furthermore, disruption of the plastidial isoform of FPGS in Arabidopsis was reported to result in reduced DNA methylation and release of chromatin silencing at a genome-wide scale (Zhou et al, 2013). …”

Section: Roles Of Folates In Plant Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Folates in Plants: Research Advances and Progress in Crop Biofortification

et al. 2017

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Folates, also known as B9 vitamins, serve as donors and acceptors in one-carbon (C1) transfer reactions. The latter are involved in synthesis of many important biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleic acids and vitamin B5. Folates also play a central role in the methyl cycle that provides one-carbon groups for methylation reactions. The important functions fulfilled by folates make them essential in all living organisms. Plants, being able to synthesize folates de novo, serve as an excellent dietary source of folates for animals that lack the respective biosynthetic pathway. Unfortunately, the most important staple crops such as rice, potato and maize are rather poor sources of folates. Insufficient folate consumption is known to cause severe developmental disorders in humans. Two approaches are employed to fight folate deficiency: pharmacological supplementation in the form of folate pills and biofortification of staple crops. As the former approach is considered rather costly for the major part of the world population, biofortification of staple crops is viewed as a decent alternative in the struggle against folate deficiency. Therefore, strategies, challenges and recent progress of folate enhancement in plants will be addressed in this review. Apart from the ever-growing need for the enhancement of nutritional quality of crops, the world population faces climate change catastrophes or environmental stresses, such as elevated temperatures, drought, salinity that severely affect growth and productivity of crops. Due to immense diversity of their biochemical functions, folates take part in virtually every aspect of plant physiology. Any disturbance to the plant folate metabolism leads to severe growth inhibition and, as a consequence, to a lower productivity. Whereas today's knowledge of folate biochemistry can be considered very profound, evidence on the physiological roles of folates in plants only starts to emerge. In the current review we will discuss the implication of folates in various aspects of plant physiology and development.

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“…Folate depletion, induced by antifolate drugs or by gene disruption, results in shuttling of C1-units to the synthesis of nucleotides at the expense of methylation reactions (Loizeau et al, 2008). The impairment of the methyl cycle thereafter hinders essential metabolic pathways, such as chlorophyll biosynthesis (Van Wilder et al, 2009), and prevents accurate epigenetic regulation through methylation of DNA and histones (Zhang et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2013). Also, it is known that Arabidopsis MTHFR performs a reversible reaction and is not feedback inhibited by SAM (Roje et al, 1999).…”

Section: Pp2a-b 0 C Controls a System Of Cross-communicating Metabolimentioning

confidence: 99%

PP2A‐B′γ modulates foliar trans‐methylation capacity and the formation of 4‐methoxy‐indol‐3‐yl‐methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves

et al. 2016

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These authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYGlucosinolates (GSL) of cruciferous plants comprise a major group of structurally diverse secondary compounds which act as deterrents against aphids and microbial pathogens and have large commercial and ecological impacts. While the transcriptional regulation governing the biosynthesis and modification of GSL is now relatively well understood, post-translational regulatory components that specifically determine the structural variation of indole glucosinolates have not been reported. We show that the cytoplasmic protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B 0 c (PP2A-B 0 c) physically interacts with indole glucosinolate methyltransferases and controls the methoxylation of indole glucosinolates and the formation of 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves. By taking advantage of proteomic approaches and metabolic analysis we further demonstrate that PP2A-B 0 c is required to control the abundance of oligomeric protein complexes functionally linked with the activated methyl cycle and the trans-methylation capacity of leaf cells. These findings highlight the key regulatory role of PP2A-B 0 c in methionine metabolism and provide a previously unrecognized perspective for metabolic engineering of glucosinolate metabolism in cruciferous plants.

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Folate Polyglutamylation Is Involved in Chromatin Silencing by Maintaining Global DNA Methylation and Histone H3K9 Dimethylation in Arabidopsis

Cited by 56 publications

References 55 publications

Plant amino acid-derived vitamins: biosynthesis and function

Plant amino acid-derived vitamins: biosynthesis and function

Folates in Plants: Research Advances and Progress in Crop Biofortification

PP2A‐B′γ modulates foliar trans‐methylation capacity and the formation of 4‐methoxy‐indol‐3‐yl‐methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves

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