“…We selected a total of 16 SNPs, of which 6 SNPs previously showed associations with vitamin D levels and 10 SNPs previously showed associations with metabolic traits in several ethnic groups. Six vitamin D-related SNPs were included in the analysis: vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) SNPs rs2228570 and rs7975232 [ 38 , 39 ]; 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase ( DHCR7 ) SNP rs12785878 [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]; 25-hydroxylase ( CYP2R1 ) SNP rs12794714 [ 43 , 44 ]; 24-hydroxylase ( CYP24A1 ) SNP rs6013897 [ 41 , 45 ]; and vitamin D binding protein ( DBP )/group-specific component ( GC ) SNP rs2282679 [ 40 , 44 ]. Ten metabolic disease-related SNPs were included in the analysis: Fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO ) SNPs rs8050136 and rs9939609 [ 20 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]; transcription factor 7-like 2 ( TCF7L2 ) SNPs rs12255372 and rs7903146 [ 20 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]; melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) SNP rs17782313 [ 20 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 ( KCNQ1 ) SNPs rs2237895 and rs2237892 [ 63 , 64 ]; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B ( CDKN2A /B) SNPs rs10811661 [ 53 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]; Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma ( PPARG ) SNP rs1801282 […”