Foam-Laid Thermoplastic Composites Based on Kraft Lignin and Softwood Pulp

Ojala, Antti; Wikström, Lisa; Nättinen, Kalle; Lehmonen, Jani; Kinnunen-Raudaskoski, Karita

doi:10.7569/jrm.2014.634126

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…FSdL was determined to contain less phenolic hydroxyls than aliphatic hydroxyls (phenolic/aliphatic ratio lower than 1). Table 1: Contents of aliphatic, different phenolic and carboxylic hydroxyl (OH) groups (mmol/g lignin) calculated from 31 P-NMR analysis of FSdL 1 hydroxyl groups in syringyl units; 2 hydroxyl groups in guaiacyl units; 3 hydroxyl groups in p-hydroxyphenyl units; 4 hydroxyl groups in condensed structures; 5 hydroxyl groups in aliphatic structures;…”

Section: Quantitative 31 P-nmr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols are the three precursors of lignin. These monolignols originate, p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl phenylpropanoid units, respectively, when incorporated in lignin macromolecule [3]. The type of monomeric units and its relative abundance in lignin structure depend on its botanic origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this figure, it can be noticed that the signal for C-l (p-coumaric acid ester) was recorded at 125.0 ppm, concerning the aromatic region located between 104 and 165 ppm. Moreover, the syringyl, guaiacyl and p-hydroxyphenyl residues were identified by peaks at 152 3,. 138.2, 134.4, 133.3, 132.4, 104.5 ppm (S), 152.3, 149.3, 149.0, 147.2, 145.6, 133.4, 132.4, 119.5, 114.9, 111.5 ppm (G) and 129.8, 127.9, 122.7 ppm (H), respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Extracted from Ficus Carica L.

Mοussa¹,

Khiari²,

Moussa³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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The most abundant phenolic biopolymer in the biosphere is the lignin. This phenolic biopolymer commonly exists in combination with polysaccharides and other cell wall components. In this study, the solvent system dioxane-water is used to extract lignin, which is considered as unaltered native lignin. The dioxane lignin extracted from fig stems was characterized regarding to its structural feature, quantification of its functional groups, molecular weight, and evaluation of its thermal properties. Purity and molecular weight distribution of the studied lignin indicated that isolated lignin contained a low amount of sugar (c.a. 19%) and had a high weight-average molecular weight (10 068 g.mol-1). Lignin sample had approximately the same amounts of guaiacyl (G) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units with relatively fewer syringyl (S) units. The isolated lignin revealed good antioxidant properties. Therefore, it proved to have a high potential of application in new antioxidants formulations.

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Section: Quantitative 31 P-nmr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Extracted from Ficus Carica L.

Mοussa¹,

Khiari²,

Moussa³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Lignin‐Based Thermoplastic Materials

2016

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Lignin-based thermoplastic materials have attracted increasing interest as sustainable, cost-effective, and biodegradable alternatives for petroleum-based thermoplastics. As an amorphous thermoplastic material, lignin has a relatively high glass-transition temperature and also undergoes radical-induced self-condensation at high temperatures, which limits its thermal processability. Additionally, lignin-based materials are usually brittle and exhibit poor mechanical properties. To improve the thermoplasticity and mechanical properties of technical lignin, polymers or plasticizers are usually integrated with lignin by blending or chemical modification. This Review attempts to cover the reported approaches towards the development of lignin-based thermoplastic materials on the basis of published information. Approaches reviewed include plasticization, blending with miscible polymers, and chemical modifications by esterification, etherification, polymer grafting, and copolymerization. Those lignin-based thermoplastic materials are expected to show applications as engineering plastics, polymeric foams, thermoplastic elastomers, and carbon-fiber precursors.

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