Flywheel energy storage systems for power systems application

Pei, Yulong; Cavagnino, Andrea; Vaschetto, Silvio; Chai, Feng; Tenconi, Alberto

doi:10.1109/iccep.2017.8004733

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…An auxiliary mechanical bearing (backup bearing) at the bottom end is, however, needed to support the rotor in the stationary condition or to enable a safe shutdown during a system fault. Both radial MBs and the auxiliary bearing are not represented in Figure 2, as they must fulfill typical arrangements adopted for different FESS applications [5,8]. It is worth pointing out that the configuration in Figure 2 is more convenient than the one analyzed in [15], because the use of a single PM simplifies its installation, and the double coil assembly allows a better magnetic utilization of the upper cores.…”

Section: Of 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dependence is quite important, mostly for installations in a low-pressure environment where the heat removal is mainly based on radiation effect, making critical the thermal operation, particularly for small rated systems [18]. To deal with the temperature variation, the total force F zu,t = F z0 + F zu of the AHMB upper side has been modeled by the combination of two terms [15]. The former F zu,t = F zu,t (θ mean ) consists of the value related to the mean temperature θ mean = (θ max + θ min )/2 with θ min , θ max minimum and maximum operating temperature during a FESS cycle; the latter ∆F zu,t = F zu,t (θ min ) − F zu,t is a differential force considering the contribution of the temperature excursion with respect to θ mean for a given current and air-gap length.…”

Section: Model Of the Suspension Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FESS is potentially suitable for the residential sector for short-time blackouts, which can affect weak electrical grids [4]. Many studies and practical experiences recognize significant FESS features, such as the long life cycle, the moderate dependence of performance on environmental aspects, the fast switching between charge/discharge operations, the easy and reliable state of charge monitoring, and the suitability to realize modular schemes to fit a wide range of application [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Modeling of an Integrated Flywheel Magnetic Suspension for Kinetic Energy Storage Systems

2020

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The paper presents a novel configuration of an axial hybrid magnetic bearing (AHMB) for the suspension of steel flywheels applied in power-intensive energy storage systems. The combination of a permanent magnet (PM) with excited coil enables one to reduce the power consumption, to limit the system volume, and to apply an effective control in the presence of several types of disturbances. The electromagnetic design of the AHMB parts is carried out by parametric finite element analyses with the purpose to optimize the force performances as well as the winding inductance affecting the electrical supply rating and control capability. Such investigation considers both the temperature dependence of the PM properties and the magnetic saturation effects. The electrical parameters and the force characteristics are then implemented in a control scheme, reproducing the electromechanical behavior of the AHMB-flywheel system. The parameter tuning of the controllers is executed by a Matlab/Simulink code, examining the instantaneous profiles of both the air-gap length and the winding ampere-turns. The results of different dynamic tests are presented, evidencing the smooth air-gap changes and the optimized coil utilization, which are desirable features for a safe and efficient flywheel energy storage.

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Section: Of 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Of the Suspension Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Modeling of an Integrated Flywheel Magnetic Suspension for Kinetic Energy Storage Systems

2020

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“…The power rating complies with commercially available components; higher power requirement can be fulfilled by combining more units. Installing the EM outside the flywheel housing, usually kept at low pressure to reduce aerodynamical drag losses, simplifies both the EM-AC/DC power converter connection and the EM cooling [23]. A sketch of the flywheel system is provided in Figure 10, showing also the DC bus circuit shared with the battery modules.…”

Section: Flywheel Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li-Ion Battery-Flywheel Hybrid Storage System: Countering Battery Aging During a Grid Frequency Regulation Service

et al. 2018

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In this paper, a hybrid storage system solution consisting of flywheels and batteries with a Lithium-manganese oxide cathode and a graphite anode is proposed, for supporting the electrical network primary frequency regulation. The aim of the paper is to investigate the benefits of flywheels in mitigation of the accelerating aging that li-ion batteries suffer during the grid frequency regulation operation. For this purpose, experimental aging tests have been performed on a lithium-manganese oxide battery module and an electrical battery model which takes into account the battery aging has been developed in a Simulink environment. Then, a flywheel electrical model has been implemented, taking into account the thermal and the electromechanical phenomena governing the electrical power exchange. This more complete model of a hybrid storage system enables us to simulate the same aging cycles of the battery-based storage system and to compare the performances of the latter with the hybrid storage system. The simulation results suggest that suitable control of the power shared between the batteries and the flywheels could effectively help in countering Li-ion battery accelerated aging due to the grid frequency regulation service.

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“…Moreover, WFs should suffer financial loss for their power output deviations because they should buy or sell up-/downregulations in balancing market. Fortunately, with the development of energy storage and newly energy conversion technologies such as batteries [4], flywheels [5], hydro pumped storage [6], and fuel cell facilities [7,8], it is gradually accepted that WFs should be integrated into hybrid 2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering energy systems containing energy storage and/or newly energy conversion sources [9]. Taking the integrated wind farm-energy storage system (WF-ESS) as representative, due to the flexible charging and discharging capabilities of energy storage, WF-ESS has two potentials when participating in spot EMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Offering and Operating Strategies for Wind-Storage System Participating in Spot Electricity Markets with Progressive Stochastic-Robust Hybrid Optimization Model Series

Wang

Zhao

2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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With the increase of wind power installed capacity and the development of energy storage technologies, it is gradually accepted that integrating wind farms with energy storage devices to participate in spot electricity market (EM) is a promising way for improving wind power uncertainty accommodation and bringing considerable profit. Hence, research on reasonable offering and operating strategies for integrated wind farm-energy storage system (WF-ESS) under spot EM circumstances has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, a newly progressive stochastic-robust hybrid optimization model series is proposed for yielding such strategies. In the day-ahead stage, day-ahead and balancing prices uncertainties are formulated by applying joint stochastic scenarios, and real-time available wind power uncertainties are modeled by using the seasonal auto-regression (AR) based dynamic uncertainty set. Then, the first model of this model series is established and utilized for cooptimizing both the day-ahead offering and nominal real-time operating strategies. In the balancing stages, wind power uncertainty set and balancing prices stochastic scenarios are dynamically updated with the newly realized data. Then, each model from the remaining of this model series is established and utilized period by period for obtaining the optimal balancing/real-time offering/operating strategies adjusted from the nominal ones. Robust optimization (RO) in this progressive framework makes the operation of WF-ESS dynamically accommodate wind power uncertainties while maintaining relatively low computational complexity. Stochastic optimization (SO) in this progressive framework makes the WF-ESS avoid pursuing profit maximization strictly under the worst-case scenarios of prices uncertainties. Moreover, by adding a risk-aversion term in form of conditional value at risk (CVaR) into the objective functions of this model series, the optimization models additionally provide flexibility in reaching a trade-off between profit maximization and risk management. Simulation and profit comparisons with other existing methods validate the scientificity, feasibility, and effectiveness of applying our proposed model series.

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Flywheel energy storage systems for power systems application

Cited by 30 publications

References 85 publications

Design and Modeling of an Integrated Flywheel Magnetic Suspension for Kinetic Energy Storage Systems

Design and Modeling of an Integrated Flywheel Magnetic Suspension for Kinetic Energy Storage Systems

Li-Ion Battery-Flywheel Hybrid Storage System: Countering Battery Aging During a Grid Frequency Regulation Service

Optimal Offering and Operating Strategies for Wind-Storage System Participating in Spot Electricity Markets with Progressive Stochastic-Robust Hybrid Optimization Model Series

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