Fluoroquinolone-contaminated poultry litter strongly affects earthworms as verified through lethal and sub-lethal evaluations

Parente, Cláudio Ernesto Taveira; Silva, Evelyn Oliveira da; Júnior, Sidney Fernandes Sales; Hauser‐Davis, Rachel Ann; Malm, Olaf; Correia, Fábio Veríssimo; Saggioro, Enrico Mendes

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111305

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A total of 200 g of soil mixed with poultry litter (5.0, 10 and 20 g kg -1 ) was humidi ed with 35 mL of water. The proposed concentrations ranged from 45 to 85% below the 7-day LC 50 estimated by Parente et al (Parente et al 2021), to ensure no earthworm lethality during the chronic trial. The exposure groups were compared to a control group consisting of four replicates maintained in natural soil moistened with 35 mL of water.…”

Section: Poultry Litter Exposure Set-upmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Copper (CuSO 4 ) and iron (FeSO 4 ) sulfate, for example, are added to poultry feed, while magnesium oxide (MgO) composes the quicklime used in the treatment of poultry sheds (Parente et al 2020). Therefore, the poultry litter used in the present study contains relevant concentrations of Cu (42.0 ± 8.50 mg kg -1 ), Fe (145 ± 34.2 mg kg -1 ) and Mg (597 ± 141 mg kg -1 ) (Parente et al, 2021). These metals participate in cellular oxidative processes, such as the oxidation of glucose and other α-hydroxydehydes, resulting in H 2 O 2 accumulation (Wolff and Dean 1987;Radetski et al 2004;Bakare et al 2012…”

Section: Sod and Cat Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant System Alterations and Biological Health Status of Earthworms Following Long-term Exposure to Antibiotics Contaminated Poultry Litter

Sales

Silva

Araújo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Poultry litter is widely applied as a fertilizer even though it is one of the main antibiotic sources for agricultural soils. Long-term sublethal effects (56 days) on the antioxidant system of Eisenia andrei earthworms following exposure to fluoroquinolone-contaminated poultry litter (enrofloxacin + ciprofloxacin) at 5.0, 10 and 20 g kg-1 were evaluated. The following biomarkers were assessed: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-trasferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and a lipid peroxidation (LPO) proxy. Significant CAT and SOD increases and a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) between these enzymes was observed. Glutathione-S-trasferase levels increased significantly at 10 g kg-1, while GSH exhibited a dose-dependent response at 5.0 mg kg-1 (4 - 106%), 10 mg kg-1 (28 - 330 %) and 20 mg kg-1 (45 - 472%). LPO levels exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing poultry litter concentrations of 8 - 170% (5.0 g kg-1), 7 - 104% (10 mg kg-1) and 3 - 6% (20 mg kg-1). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted increased SOD and CAT activities, possibly due to increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Biological Health Status assessments based on the Biomarker Response Index indicate major alterations in the first month of exposure, changing to moderate in the second month. These findings indicate an antioxidant system attenuation trend. It is possible, however, that successive poultry litter applications may reduce the long-term recovery capacity of the evaluated biomarkers.

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Section: Poultry Litter Exposure Set-upmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sod and Cat Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant System Alterations and Biological Health Status of Earthworms Following Long-term Exposure to Antibiotics Contaminated Poultry Litter

Sales

Silva

Araújo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…It has been shown that the enrofloxacin present in poultry litter has a toxic effect on earthworms ( Eisenia andrei ), causing deterrence, biomass loss, and death depending on the dose applied [ 153 ]. Similar results were found by Gao et al, who studied the effect of enrofloxacin on growth rate and catalase activity in Eisenia fetida .…”

Section: The Safety Of Enrofloxacin Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Enrofloxacin—The Ruthless Killer of Eukaryotic Cells or the Last Hope in the Fight against Bacterial Infections?

Grabowski

Gaffke

Pierzynowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Enrofloxacin is a compound that originates from a group of fluoroquinolones that is widely used in veterinary medicine as an antibacterial agent (this antibiotic is not approved for use as a drug in humans). It reveals strong antibiotic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mainly due to the inhibition of bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymatic actions. The high efficacy of this molecule has been demonstrated in the treatment of various animals on farms and other locations. However, the use of enrofloxacin causes severe adverse effects, including skeletal, reproductive, immune, and digestive disorders. In this review article, we present in detail and discuss the advantageous and disadvantageous properties of enrofloxacin, showing the benefits and risks of the use of this compound in veterinary medicine. Animal health and the environmental effects of this stable antibiotic (with half-life as long as 3–9 years in various natural environments) are analyzed, as are the interesting properties of this molecule that are expressed when present in complexes with metals. Recommendations for further research on enrofloxacin are also proposed.

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“…Testa et al (2020) reported effects on the reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus soil worms exposed to 5.0 g kg − 1 poultry litter containing the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin. With regard to earthworms, lethal, behavioral, reproductive and cytotoxic effects have recently been reported for Eisenia andrei exposed to FQcontaminated poultry litter (Parente et al 2021). In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress molecular biomarkers are suitable for assessing sublethal effects in earthworms following long-term exposure to contaminants (Niva et al 2016;Saggioro et al 2019;Sales Junior et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant system alterations and biological health status of earthworms following long-term exposure to antibiotic-contaminated poultry litter

Sales

Silva

Araújo

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Poultry litter is widely applied as a fertilizer even though it is one of the main antibiotic sources for agricultural soils. Long-term sublethal effects (56 days) on the antioxidant system of Eisenia andrei earthworms following exposure to uoroquinolone-contaminated poultry litter (enro oxacin + cipro oxacin) at 5.0, 10 and 20 g kg -1 were evaluated. The following biomarkers were assessed: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-trasferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and a lipid peroxidation (LPO) proxy. Signi cant CAT and SOD increases and a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) between these enzymes was observed. Glutathione-S-trasferase levels increased signi cantly at 10 g kg -1 , while GSH exhibited a dose-dependent response at 5.0 mg kg -1 (4 -106%), 10 mg kg -1 (28 -330 %) and 20 mg kg -1 (45 -472%). LPO levels exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing poultry litter concentrations of 8 -170% (5.0 g kg -1 ), 7 -104% (10 mg kg -1 ) and 3 -6% (20 mg kg -1 ). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted increased SOD and CAT activities, possibly due to increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Biological Health Status assessments based on the Biomarker Response Index indicate major alterations in the rst month of exposure, changing to moderate in the second month. These ndings indicate an antioxidant system attenuation trend. It is possible, however, that successive poultry litter applications may reduce the long-term recovery capacity of the evaluated biomarkers.

show abstract

Fluoroquinolone-contaminated poultry litter strongly affects earthworms as verified through lethal and sub-lethal evaluations

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Antioxidant System Alterations and Biological Health Status of Earthworms Following Long-term Exposure to Antibiotics Contaminated Poultry Litter

Antioxidant System Alterations and Biological Health Status of Earthworms Following Long-term Exposure to Antibiotics Contaminated Poultry Litter

Enrofloxacin—The Ruthless Killer of Eukaryotic Cells or the Last Hope in the Fight against Bacterial Infections?

Antioxidant system alterations and biological health status of earthworms following long-term exposure to antibiotic-contaminated poultry litter

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