Fluoride Processing of Titanium-Containing Minerals

Laptash, N. M.; Maslennikova, I. I.

doi:10.4236/ampc.2012.24b006

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…and HF [49,50]. However, ammonium fluoride and ammonium hydrodifluoride are increasingly used in non-aqueous (in "dry") and hydrometallurgical methods [50][51][52][53][54][55]. The initial processing of the raw material can be carried out at sufficiently low temperatures, which leads to lower energy consumption compared to the "dry" method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Altered Ilmenite Using Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical Activation

et al. 2020

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The kinetics of the sulfuric acid leaching of altered ilmenite, mechanisms, and process intensification methods were studied. The effect of changing the chemical composition during grinding was determined. The content of ilmenite and pseudorutile decreased from 5.3% to 3.1% and from 90.2% to 63.1%, respectively. Rutile increased from 4.5% to 28.7%, while a pseudobrookite new phase appeared in the amount of 5.1% after 2 h of grinding. It was found that the modification of raw material by sulfuric acid led to the increase of the decomposition rate, and at the same time, decreased when the ore was utilized due to an increase of insoluble TiO2 content. Isothermal conditions were evaluated with H2SO4 concentration varying from 50 to 96%. The data obtained were described with the approximation of the contracting sphere model. It was shown for the first time that H2SO4 > 85 wt% causes a sharp constant decrease of titanium. Correlating these phenomena allows for the consideration of H2SO4·H2O as reagents, rather than H2SO4 molecules. It was experimentally proven that at a temperature above 190 °C, the Ti leaching degree dropped, which is explained by the formation of polymerized TiOSO4. Finally, it was shown that adding NaF reduced the activation energy to 45 kJ/mol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Altered Ilmenite Using Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical Activation

et al. 2020

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“…In [ 38 ], the process of fluorination of natural ilmenite with ammonium bifluoride was studied. According to a thermal study of the process, the compound (NH 4 ) 3 Ti(OH) 0.4 F 6.6 was initially formed, which, with increasing temperature, further decomposed stepwise, with the elimination of NH 3 and HF molecules:

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Processing of Fine Dusts from the Electric Smelting of Ilmenite Concentrates to Obtain Titanium Dioxide

Ultarakova¹,

Karshigina²,

Lokhova³

et al. 2022

Materials

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This article presents studies on the ammonium fluoride processing of dusts from the reduction smelting of ilmenite concentrate with separation of silicon to obtain titanium dioxide. Optimal conditions for pyrohydrolysis of titanium fluorides were determined. The effects of temperature and duration on the process were studied. The optimal conditions for pyrohydrolysis of titanium fluorides were a temperature of 600 °C and duration of 240–300 min. The degree of titanium fluoride conversion to titanium oxide was 99.5% at these conditions. Titanium dioxide obtained by pyrohydrolysis of titanium fluorides was purified from iron, chromium, and manganese impurities. The effect of hydrochloric acid solution concentration, S:L ratio, and the process duration on the purification degree of titanium fluoride pyrohydrolysis was studied. The following optimum purification conditions were determined: hydrochloric acid solution concentration 12.5–15 wt%, temperature 25–30 °C, S:L = 1:6÷8, duration 20–30 min. The purified titanium dioxide consisted mainly of anatase. The pigmented titanium dioxide of rutile modification with 99.8 wt% TiO2 was obtained after calcination at 900 °C for 120 min.

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“…Titanium dioxide is one of the twenty main products of the chemical industry and is used as a white pigment in paints and varnishes. The ammonium fluoride method makes it possible to isolate titanium tetrafluoride from ilmenite FeTiO 3 in one stage and convert it into the form of titanium dioxide [11]. The interaction of ilmenite with ammonium fluoride proceeds with the formation of ammonium hexafluorotitanate and ammonium pentafluoroferrate according to reaction (17).…”

Section: Titanium Dioxide Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium Fluorides in Mineral Processing

D’yachenko¹

2022

Fluoride

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The possibility of using ammonium fluoride as a new reagent for processing mineral raw materials is considered. Ammonium fluorides are the most convenient and technological fluorinating agents for the decomposition of the silicon component of ores. Advantages the use of ammonium fluoride (or hydrodifluoride) as a desiliconizing agent, the possibility of its complete regeneration. The processes of deep processing of silicon, zirconium, titanium, and beryllium minerals are considered. The excellence of using ammonium fluoride in the processing of mineral raw materials have been proven. The physicochemical laws of the processes are considered, technological schemes are proposed. The material will be useful in the further introduction of fluoride technologies at enterprises for the processing of quartz, zircon, ilmenite, and phenakite.

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Fluoride Processing of Titanium-Containing Minerals

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Altered Ilmenite Using Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical Activation

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Altered Ilmenite Using Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical Activation

Studies on the Processing of Fine Dusts from the Electric Smelting of Ilmenite Concentrates to Obtain Titanium Dioxide

Ammonium Fluorides in Mineral Processing

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