Fluid Leakage in Metallic Seals

Fischer, Felix; Schmitz, Katharina; Tiwari, A.; Persson, B. N. J.

doi:10.1007/s11249-020-01358-x

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The study presented in this paper and in Ref. [9,35] shows the importance of plastic flow in some applications to seals. The good agreement found here, and in Ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Air leakage in seals with application to syringes

Rodriguez¹,

Tiwari²,

Persson³

2021

Preprint

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We study the leakage of air in syringes with Teflon coated rubber stopper and glass barrel. The leakrate depends on the interfacial surface roughness, the viscoelastic properties of the rubber and on the elastoplastic properties of the Teflon coating. The measured leakage rates are compared to the predictions of a simple theory for gas flow, which takes into account both the diffusive and ballistic air flow, and the elastoplastic multiscale contact mechanics which determines the probability distribution of interfacial separations. The theory shows that the interfacial air flow (leakage) channels are so narrow that the gas flow is mainly ballistic (the so called Knudsen limit). The implications for container closure integrity is discussed.

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“…The study presented in this paper and in Ref. [9,35] shows the importance of plastic flow in some applications to seals. The good agreement found here, and in Ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The role of plastic deformation was studied for metallic seals in Ref. [35] where the theory showed that the plastic flow reduce the leakage rate with a factor of ∼ 8, resulting in water leakage rates in good agreement with experiments. We have shown in Ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Air leakage in seals with application to syringes

Rodriguez¹,

Tiwari²,

Persson³

2021

Preprint

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“…Using the modified C ( q ) from Equation (13) in the method presented above will yield leakages that include the effects of plastic deformation with the given maximal applied pressure. The leakage will be approximately 8 times lower than for purely elastic seals 9 . This is due to the surface height u 1 being only half the size of the undeformed seat.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In other works, the influence of the fluid pressure onto the leakage has been measured and calculated 9 . While the application of only fluid pressure is close to the industrial application, this method measures the result of two different effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of normal force in metallic sealing

Fischer

Murrenhoff

Schmitz

2021

Engineering Reports

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Metallic ball seat valves are an essential component in almost every hydraulic system in the form of check valves. Despite their wide usage in real‐life applications, the physical sealing mechanism is not yet fully understood and still debated. One promising method is the contact mechanics theory which has been developed by Persson et al. for rubber seals. It can predict the leakage of rubber seals successfully, but its application for metallic seals, where plastic deformation plays an import role, has only been developed recently and is not yet fully validated. This theory is combined with surface scans of investigated seats and simulations that are performed using the finite element method (FEM) for different geometric configurations. This combination allows an efficient calculation of the leakage of ball seat valves depending on their specific design and applied forces and pressures. In this work, the predictions by simulations according to Persson's theory are compared with experimental results. This comparison is done by analyzing the dependency of the leakage of ball seat valves in relation to applied normal forces and for different surfaces in contact. This validates the applicability of Persson's method in this field. The presented experimental method allows the measurement of the leakage of ball seat valves under realistic conditions.

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“…They are essential (Japanese Industrial Standards [JIS], 2015) and widely applied in industry, machinery, and surroundings. Gaskets prevent the leaking of fluid from various pipe connections and casings onto stationary surfaces (Fischer et al, 2020) of elements. Since a machined surface cannot be absolutely flat, irregularities can be fitted with gaskets between connecting surfaces to ensure that two workpieces are joined closely together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leakage control for a flat flange model with a gap based on sealing liquid viscosity

Gao

Kazama

2021

JAMDSM

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Flat flanges are sealed using a gasket, used to prevent leakage between the static surfaces. Gaskets comprise synthetic materials such as rubber, copper alloys, and plastic and they are inserted between two planes to strengthen the sealing performance. Leakage is circumvented by the elastic and plastic deformation of materials. However, it can be difficult to reduce leakage because of the rough nature and waviness of the solid surface; moreover, excessive clamping force may lead to surface damage. Leakage is directly proportional to the cube of the gap height and inversely proportional to lubricant viscosity. Viscosity is strongly dependent on temperature; the lower the temperature, the higher the viscosity. Thus, it is possible to control the leakage by changing the temperature of sealing parts to enhance the sealing performance of gaskets. In this paper, a flange-type gasket system with a gap is modeled using two circular plates with a central recess. Using a prototype, the effects of plate temperature, recess pressure, gap height, plate parallelism, sealing width, oil viscosity grade, and the vibration frequency and amplitude are experimentally examined under steady-state and harmonic vibration conditions. In parallel, the thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication (THL) and iso-viscous (IV) theories are applied to the gap flow and theoretical simulation was conducted. The theoretical results based on THL and IV theories agreed with the experimental data for a wide range of conditions including controlled temperature, viscosity grade, effective sealing size, inclined angle, and vibration parameters. Accordingly, this study shows that leakage can be decreased by cooling the sealing parts of gasket for all the included parameters under static and vibration conditions.

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Fluid Leakage in Metallic Seals

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Air leakage in seals with application to syringes

Air leakage in seals with application to syringes

Influence of normal force in metallic sealing

Leakage control for a flat flange model with a gap based on sealing liquid viscosity

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