Fluid-inclusion studies of regionally extensive epigenetic dolomites, Bonneterre Dolomite (Cambrian), southeast Missouri: Evidence of multiple fluids during dolomitization and lead-zinc mineralization: Alternative interpretation and reply

Leach, D. L.; Rowan, Elisabeth L.; Shelton, Kevin L.; Bauer, Rita M.; Gregg, Jay M.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0968:fisore>2.3.co;2

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Fluid inclusions in dolomite, quartz, and sphalerite from the Ozark region have homogenization temperatures in the range of 80 ø to 180øC (Roedder, 1977;Leach, 1979;Coveney and Goebel, 1983;Hagni, 1983;Leach andRowan, 1986, 1993;Bauer et al, 1989;Rowan and Leach, 1989;Shelton et al, 1992Shelton et al, , 1993. Given the wide range in reported homogenization temperatures for the Ozark region, we have chosen 120øC as a reasonable starting temperature for our calculations.…”

Section: Microthermometrymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several lines of evidence show that the Mississippi Valley-type districts in the Ozarks formed within a large, interconnected hydrothermal system in which fluid flowed northward from the Arkoma-Black Warrior foreland basins during the Ouachita orogeny in late Paleozoic time (Leach, 1979;Leach and Rowan, 1986;Farr, 1989). This evidence includes (1) fluid inclusion-filling temperatures in widespread dolomite and trace occurrences of sphalerite that are indistinguishable from those of adjacent ore districts (Leach, 1979;Covehey and Goebel, 1983;Rowan and Leach, 1989;Shelton et al, 1992); (2) a regional distribution of fluid inclusion temperatures from sphalerite that shows an apparent cooling trend northward from the Arkoma basin (Leach and Rowan, 1986;Bethke et al, 1988); (3) K/C1 ratios in fluid inclusions from ore and gangue minerals that systematically increase northward (Viets and Leach, 1990); (4) paragenetic relationships of sulfides and hydrothermal dolomite within the districts that can be correlated throughout the region (Palmer and Hayes, 1989); (5) cathodoluminescent microstratigraphy in hydrothermal dolomite that can be traced throughout the region and among districts (Gregg, 1985;Voss and Hagni, 1985;Rowan, 1986); (6) anomalously high thermal maturity of organic matter in the region (Damberger, 1974 …”

Section: Evidence For a Regional Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The ice melting temperatures of the samples vary mainly from -10 ø to -27øC (Roedder, 1977;Leach, 1979;Hagni, 1983;Leach and Rowan, 1986;Bauer et. al., 1989;Rowan and Leach, 1989;Shelton et al, 1992), although there is a well-defined mode at approximately -21øC (corresponding to 23 wt % NaC1 equiv).…”

Section: Microthermometrymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Chemical reaction path modeling of ore deposition in mississippi valley-type Pb-Zn deposits of the Ozark region, U.S. Midcontinent

Plumlee

Leach²,

Hofstra³

et al. 1994

Economic Geology

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105

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The Ozark region of the U.S. midcontinent is host to a number of Mississippi Valley-type districts, including the world-class Viburnum Trend, Old Lead Belt, and Tri-State districts and the smaller Southeast Missouri barite, Northern Arkm•sas, and Central Missouri districts.There is increasing evidence that the Ozark Mississippi Valley-type districts formed locally within a large, interconnected hydrothermal system that also produced broad fringing areas of trace mineralization, extensive subtle hydrothermal alteration, broad thermal anomalies, and regional deposition of hydrothermal dolomite cement. The fluid drive was provided by gravity flow accompanying uplift of foreland thrust belts during the Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian Ouaehita orogeny.In this study, we use chemical speeiation and reaction path calculations, based on quantitative chemical analyses of fluid inclusions, to constrain likely hydrothermal brine compositions and to determine which precipitation mechanisms are consistent with the hydrothermal mineral assemblages observed regionally and locally within each Mississippi Valley-type distriet in the Ozark region. Deposition of the regional hydrothermal dolomite cement with trace sulfides likely occurred in response to near-isothermal effervescence of COa from basinai brines as they migrated to shallower crustal levels and lower confining pressures. In contrast, our calculations indicate that no one depositional process can reproduce the mineral assemblages and proportions of minerals observed in each Ozark ore district; rather, individual districts require spedfie depositional mechanisms that reflect the local host-rock composition, structural setting, and hydrology.Both the Northern Arkansas and Tri-State districts are localized by normal faults that likely allowed brines to rise from deeper Cambrian-Ordovieian dolostone aquifers into shallower carbonate sequences dominated by limestones. In the Northern Arkansas district, jasperoid preferentially replaced limestones in the mixed dolostone-limestone sedimentary packages. Modeling results indicate that the ore and alteration assemblages in the Tri-State and Northern Arkansas districts resulted from the flow of initially dolomite-saturated brines into cooler limestones. Adjacent to fluid conduits where water/rock ratios were the highest, the limestone was replaced by dolomite. As the fluids moved outward into cooler limestone, jasperoid and sulfide replaced limestone. Isothermal boiling of the ore fluids may have produced openspace filling of hydrothermal dolomite with minor sulfides in breeeia and fault zones. Local mixing of the regional brine with locally derived sulfur undoubtedly played a role in the development of sulfide-rich ore runs. Sulfide ores of the Central Missouri district are largely open-space filling of sphalerite plus minor galena in dolostone karst features localized along a broad antidine. Hydrothermal solution collapse during ore deposition was a minor process, indicating dolomite was slightly undersaturated during ore dep...

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Section: Microthermometrymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Evidence For a Regional Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chemical reaction path modeling of ore deposition in mississippi valley-type Pb-Zn deposits of the Ozark region, U.S. Midcontinent

Plumlee

Leach²,

Hofstra³

et al. 1994

Economic Geology

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105

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“…At the present time it is unclear if the observed pattern of increasing thermal maturity to the east simply reflects differential removal of overburden or is due to higher geothermal gradients in the east at some time in the past. Viburnum Trend, and Central Missouri ore districts indicate temperatures in the range 80-150øC at depths that are believed to generally have been about 500 m but not greater than 1500 m [$verjenslcy, 1986;Shelton et al, 1992;Leach and Rowan, 1993]. These apparently anomalous thermal conditions are commonly attributed to the invasion of hot, migrating brines in an integrated model that relies upon orogenically generated regional fluid flow from the Arkoma Basin to simultaneously explain ore deposits, diagenesis, and thermal anomalies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat flow and heat production in the Arkoma Basin and Oklahoma Platform, southeastern Oklahoma

Lee¹,

Deming²,

Chen³

1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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Subsurface temperature and thermal gradients along a north‐south cross section through the Arkoma Basin and the Oklahoma Platform in southeastern Oklahoma were estimated from 345 bottom hole temperatures from 199 oil and gas wells. The average geothermal gradient in the southern part of the basin near the Ouachita Front is 20°C/km, exceeds 30°C/km in the middle part of the basin, and is 24°C/km on the Oklahoma Platform to the north. Drill cuttings obtained from 11 oil and gas wells were used for 843 thermal conductivity measurements. Thermal conductivity data, corrected to in situ conditions, were used to estimate heat flow. Estimated heat flow (±20%) in the deep part of the Arkoma Basin near the Ouachita Front is 35–40 mW/m2 and increases systematically northward to 60–65 mW/m2 on the Oklahoma Platform. Average heat production, estimated from gamma ray logs, is 2.3 ± 0.2 μW/m3 for basement rocks underlying the Arkoma Basin and 2.8 ± 0.1 μW/m3 for basement rocks in the Oklahoma Platform area. Numerical models show that heat refraction from the less conductive sedimentary rocks (∼1.6 W/m°K) of the Arkoma Basin to the more conductive crystalline rocks (∼3.0 W/m°K at 25°C) of the Oklahoma Platform and the Ouachita Mountains accounts for about 5–10 mW/m2 of the observed 20–30 mW/m2 decrease in heat flow from north to south. Changes in crustal heat production related to compositional changes and crustal thinning account for another 5–15 mW/m2 of the observed heat flow change. If the remaining 0–20 mW/m2 difference in heat flow is attributed to heat transport by topographically driven groundwater flow, the average basin‐scale permeability of the Arkoma Basin and the Oklahoma Platform can be no greater than 10−15 m2. Results of this study are not generally supportive of theories which invoke topographically driven regional groundwater flow from the Arkoma Basin in Late Pennsylvanian–Early Permian time (∼290 Ma) to explain the genesis of Mississippi Valley‐type lead‐zinc deposits, paleothermal anomalies, and regional diagenesis in the North American midcontinent.

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“…1). Leach and Rowan (1986) presented evidence that brine migration from the Arkoma foredeep ( fig. 1), in response to Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian orogenesis in the Ouachita foldbelt, was responsible for the formation of MVT deposits in the Ozark region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for hot Mississippi Valley-type brines in the Reelfoot Rift complex, south-central United States, in Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian

Leach¹,

Apodaca²,

Repetski³

et al. 1997

Professional Paper

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Petrographic and fluid inclusion studies of sparry dolomite cement from Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician rocks and conodont thermal-alteration indices provide evidence that hot Mississippi Valley-type brines were once present in the Reelfoot rift complex. The cathodoluminescent microstratigraphy of sparry dolomite cement in the Reelfoot rift resembles that of sparry dolomite cement associated with widespread Mississippi Valley-type mineral deposition in the Ozark region.

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Fluid-inclusion studies of regionally extensive epigenetic dolomites, Bonneterre Dolomite (Cambrian), southeast Missouri: Evidence of multiple fluids during dolomitization and lead-zinc mineralization: Alternative interpretation and reply

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical reaction path modeling of ore deposition in mississippi valley-type Pb-Zn deposits of the Ozark region, U.S. Midcontinent

Chemical reaction path modeling of ore deposition in mississippi valley-type Pb-Zn deposits of the Ozark region, U.S. Midcontinent

Heat flow and heat production in the Arkoma Basin and Oklahoma Platform, southeastern Oklahoma

Evidence for hot Mississippi Valley-type brines in the Reelfoot Rift complex, south-central United States, in Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian

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