Fluid Dynamic Analysis in a Human Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery with Arterial Motion

Ramaswamy, Sharan; Vigmostad, Sarah C.; Wahle, Andreas; Lai, Yong G.; Olszewski, Mark E.; Braddy, Kathleen C.; Brennan, Theresa; Rossen, James D.; Sonka, Milan; Chandran, K. B.

doi:10.1007/s10439-004-7816-3

Cited by 91 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The geometry of the 1D conduit arterial network was based on human data (16) with similar gross coronary anatomy to sheep (20), and we therefore did not account for any anatomical differences between species or subjects. The 1D model also did not account for the effects of vessel constraint, tethering or translational motion (36,51). In using a lumped parameter model for the microcirculation, wave propagation effects in the small vessels (21) were neglected and myocardium-vessel interactions were represented in a phenomenological manner without the use of a ventricular structural mechanics model (2,57).…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalability and in vivo validation of a multiscale numerical model of the left coronary circulation

Mynard

Penny

Smolich

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Mynard JP, Penny DJ, Smolich JJ. Scalability and in vivo validation of a multiscale numerical model of the left coronary circulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306: H517-H528, 2014. First published December 20, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00603.2013.-Multiscale modeling is a promising tool for the study of coronary hemodynamics. A key strength of this approach is that it accounts for microvascular properties and extravascular forces that differ regionally and transmurally, as well as wave propagation effects in the conduit arteries. However, little validation of such models has been reported and no models of the newborn coronary circulation have been described. We therefore validated a multiscale model of the left coronary circulation using high-fidelity data from nine adult sheep and nine newborn lambs and investigated whether wave propagation effects are more prominent in adults, whose body size (and hence wave transit distance) is greater. The model consisted of a one-dimensional (1D) network of the major conduit arteries and a lumped parameter model of microvascular beds. Intramyocardial pressure was considered to arise via contraction-related myocyte thickening and transmission of ventricular cavity pressure into the heart wall. 1D network geometry from published human anatomical data was scaled using myocardial weights, while subject-specific aortic pressure/flow and ventricular pressure formed model inputs. Total vascular resistance was determined iteratively from measured mean circumflex coronary flow (CxQ), but no fitting of phasic aspects of the waveform was performed. Excellent agreement was obtained between simulated and measured CxQ waveforms in most cases. Detailed flow waveform analysis did not clearly reveal a greater prominence of wave propagation effects in adults compared with newborns. This multiscale model is likely to be useful for investigating wave phenomena and phasic aspects of coronary flow in adults and during development. coronary arteries; wave propagation; allometric scaling; computer model; hemodynamics; newborn MATHEMATICAL MODELING, in concert with experimental studies, has played an important role in building our current understanding of coronary hemodynamics, providing insights into the role of intramyocardial pressure, large microvascular compliance, and transmural differences of vascular impedance and flow patterns (4, 9 -12, 18, 64, 67, 70). Many models of the coronary circulation have been of the lumped parameter [or zero-dimensional (0D)] type, where the resistive and capacitive properties of all coronary vessels are combined into a small number of elements. For example, the main conduit coronary arteries lying on the epicardium (or traversing the ventricular septum) have generally been represented by a single compliance (10, 12, 64) or windkessel compartment (4, 9, 18).One limitation of an exclusively 0D modeling approach is that wave propagation effects are neglected. That these effects play a role in shaping the coronary arterial flow waveform was first suggested ...

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Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalability and in vivo validation of a multiscale numerical model of the left coronary circulation

Mynard

Penny

Smolich

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…Past computational models of coronary blood flow have used a variety of flow boundary conditions. Ramaswamy et al, 2004 found that the impact of using pulsatile flow in lieu of steady flow on WSS calculations for the LAD was minimal; but the use of steady flow boundary conditions prevents the study of other parameters such as oscillating shear index and WSS angle deviation. In their in vitro study of curvature dynamics' influence on coronary flow, Prosi et al, 2004 used an (invasively-determined) LAD flow curve specific to the subject upon which their geometric model was based.…”

Section: In Vivo Coronary Artery Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary artery flow measurement using navigator echo gated phase contrast magnetic resonance velocity mapping at 3.0 T

Johnson

Sharma

Oshinski

2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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A validation study and early results for noninvasive, in vivo measurement of coronary artery blood flow using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) at 3.0 Tesla is presented. Accuracy of coronary artery blood flow measurements by phase contrast MRI is limited by heart and respiratory motion as well as the small size of the coronary arteries. In this study, a navigator-echo gated, cine phase velocity mapping technique is described to obtain time-resolved velocity and flow waveforms of small diameter vessels at 3.0 Tesla. Phantom experiments using steady, laminar flow are presented to validate the technique and show flow rates measured by 3.0 Tesla phase contrast MRI to be accurate within 15% of true flow rates. Subsequently, in vivo scans on healthy volunteers yield velocity measurements for blood flow in the right, left anterior descending, and left circumflex arteries. Measurements of average, cross-sectional velocity were obtainable in 224/243 (92%) of the cardiac phases. Time-averaged, cross-sectional velocity of the blood flow was 6.8±4.3 cm/s in the LAD, 8.0 ±3.8 cm/s in the LCX, and 6.0±1.6 cm/s in the RCA.

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“…In the few studies with consideration of the vessel dynamics and compliance, Zeng, et al, (2003) reported that the vessel dynamics had less effect on hemodynamics of human right coronary artery compared with the flow rate waveform imposed on inlet as boundary conditions. On the contrary, Ramaswamy, et al, (2004) pointed out that the dynamics and compliance did influence on the hemodynamics of human right coronary artery. This controversy probably comes from the different conditions employed such as stenosis or non-stenosis, three-dimensional anatomic geometry of blood vessels and vessel dynamics, and boundary conditions imposed on inlet and/or outlets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of vessel dynamics and compliance on human right coronary artery hemodynamics with / without stenosis

Fujiwara

Liang

Tsubota

et al. 2015

JBSE

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A computational study of effects of vessel dynamics and compliance on coronary artery hemodynamics with / without stenosis is presented. The coronary artery hemodynamics with stenosis has been a main subject as one of the major cardiovascular diseases induced by atherosclerosis; most computational models assume that the vessel movement and deformation are negligible (Zeng, et al., 2003;Kim, et al., 2010). However, it is still unclear whether the hemodynamic characteristics owning to vessel dynamics and compliance are clinically significant or not particularly under pathological conditions. In this study, we aim at investigating the hemodynamic effects of the vessel dynamics and compliance in right coronary artery under healthy situation without stenosis as well as under diseased conditions with stenosis. We constructed a three-dimensional geometric model of the right coronary artery based on X-ray angiographic images, in which both vessel movement and deformation were taken into account. A specific volumetric flow rate was employed as a boundary condition imposed on inlet. Furthermore, we carried out an extensive study on the inlet waveform dependence and the effects of the vessel compliance on coronary hemodynamics. Our results demonstrate that the conventional assumption on 'rigid' artery models holds only in the cases of normal coronary arteries but fails for stenosed coronary arteries where the vessel dynamics and compliance do extend significant influence on distributions of the oscillatory shear indices (OSIs). Moreover, we find that the effects of vessel dynamics and compliance on coronary hemodynamics seem to be independent of both inlet boundary conditions and the vessel compliance.

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Fluid Dynamic Analysis in a Human Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery with Arterial Motion

Cited by 91 publications

References 30 publications

Scalability and in vivo validation of a multiscale numerical model of the left coronary circulation

Scalability and in vivo validation of a multiscale numerical model of the left coronary circulation

Coronary artery flow measurement using navigator echo gated phase contrast magnetic resonance velocity mapping at 3.0 T

Effects of vessel dynamics and compliance on human right coronary artery hemodynamics with / without stenosis

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