Flow fluctuation measurement in the flow-through path of continuous electric-discharge CO2-laser contour

Application of hot-wire technique at unconventional conditions

“…The problem is to measure very low velocity at extremely low pressure when the pressure drop is about hundredths of a millimeter. To calibrate the hot-wire probes, a special stand was designed with using the Couette flow [3].…”

Determination of the heat transfer for a hot-wire with the use of the Couette flow

“…As far as it was impossible to use any other method for measuring the average and unsteady velocity components, the hot-wire technique has been used [14].…”

“…At the same time, it is necessary to obtain additional information on the features of the operation of the probes of a hot-wire in a low-speed, highly rarefied gas flow with large Knudsen numbers [14]. In this case, the key issue is the possibility of independent determination (setting) of the flow velocity when calibrating the hot-wire probe, since pneumometric methods in this case are unsuitable because of the small difference in dynamic and static pressures.…”