Flow Deformation of Sands Subjected to Principal Stress Rotation

Nakata, Yoshihiro; Hyodo, Masayuki; Murata, Hidekazu; Yasufuku, Noriyuki

doi:10.3208/sandf.38.2_115

Cited by 209 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The strain trajectories gradually approaches circular and become closed as rotation continues. A larger strain trajectory is observed at a greater stress ratio, similar to previous numerical and experimental observations [8,9,27,35]. However experimental observations report elliptical strain trajectories [35].…”

Section: Strain Trajectoriessupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Arthur et al [4] applied controlled changes of principal stress axes with the Directional Shear Cell and studied sample behaviour to shearing after a pre-loading to a high stress ratio and a rotation of principal stress axes. Extensive experimental observations on sand responses to principal stress rotation have been published since the 1980s' [5][6][7][8][9][10] using the hollow cylindrical device which offers independent control of the magnitudes and directions of principal stresses. Non-coaxial deformation and volume contraction are typical deformation characteristics observed when rotating the principal stress axes [6,7,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macro deformation and micro structure of 3D granular assemblies subjected to rotation of principal stress axes

Yang

2016

Granular Matter

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This paper presents a numerical investigation on the behavior of three dimensional granular materials during continuous rotation of principal stress axes using the discrete element method. A dense specimen has been prepared as a representative element using the deposition method and subjected to stress rotation at different deviatoric stress levels. Significant plastic deformation has been observed despite that the principal stresses are kept constant. This contradicts the classical plasticity theory, but is in agreement with previous laboratory observations on sand and glass beads. Typical deformation characteristics, including volume contraction, deformation non-coaxiality, have been successfully reproduced. After a larger number of rotational cycles, the sample approaches the ultimate state with constant void ratio and follows a periodic strain path. The internal structure anisotropy has been quantified in terms of the contact-based fabric tensor. Rotation of principal stress axes densifies the packing, and leads to the increase in coordination numbers. A cyclic rotation in material anisotropy has been observed. The larger the stress ratio, the structure becomes more anisotropic. A larger fabric trajectory suggests more significant structure re-organization when rotating and explains the occurrence of more significant strain rate. The trajectory of the contactnormal based fabric is not centered in the origin, due to the anisotropy in particle orientation generated during sample generation which is persistent throughout the shearing process. The sample sheared at a lower intermediate principal stress ratio (b = 0.0) has been observed to approach a smaller strain trajectory as compared to the case b = 0.5, consistent with a smaller fabric trajectory and less significant structural re-organisation. It also experiences less volume contraction with the out-of plane strain component being dilative.

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Section: Strain Trajectoriessupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro deformation and micro structure of 3D granular assemblies subjected to rotation of principal stress axes

Yang

2016

Granular Matter

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“…Extensive phenomenological observations on soil strength and loading path dependence have been made in HCA (Nakata et al 1997;Miura and Toki 1986;Gutierrez et al 1991;Lade et al 2008;Cai et al 2013). Clear evidence of material deformation non-coaxiality, an interesting phenomenon firstly reported by Roscoe (1967) as the non-coincidence of the principal strain rate directions and the principal stress directions has been obtained from HCA testing (e.g.…”

Section: ! Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oda et al 1978;Tatsuoka et al 1990, Alshibli andSture 2000;Wanatowski and Chu 2006), directional shear cells (Phillips and May 1967;Oda and Konishi 1974a, b;Wong and Arthur 1985), true triaxial apparatuses (Arthur and Menzies 1972;Yamada and Ishihara 1979;Ochiai and Lade 1983;Miura and Toki 1984;Abelev and Lade 2004) and hollow cylinder apparatuses (e.g., Symes et al 1988;Miura and Toki 1986;Vaid et al 1990;Gutierrez et al 1991;Nakata et al 1998;Rolo 2003;Lade et al 2008;Cai et al 2013). …”

Section: ! Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on the deformation characteristics of granular materials under drained rotational shear

Yang

et al. 2015

Geomechanics and Geoengineering

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Abstract:! This paper presents an experimental investigation revisiting the anisotropic stress-strainstrength behaviour of geomaterials in drained monotonic shear using Hollow Cylinder Apparatus. The test program has been designed to cover the effect of material anisotropy, preshearing, material density and intermediate principal stress on the behaviour of Leighton Buzzard sand. Experiments have also been performed on glass beads to understand the effect of particle shape. This paper explains phenomenological observations based on recently acquired understanding in micromechanics, with attention focused on strength anisotropy and deformation non-coaxiality, i.e., non-coincidence between the principal stress direction and the principal strain rate direction. The test results demonstrate that the effects of initial anisotropy produced during sample preparation is significant. The stress-strain-strength behaviour of the specimen shows strong dependence on the principal stress direction. Pre-loading history, material density and particle shape are also found to be influential. In particular, it was found that non-coaxiality is more significant in preloaded specimens. The observations on the strength anisotropy and deformation non-coaxiality were successfully explained based on the Stress-

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“…The internal structural (fabric) arrangement of grains has a significant impact on their bulk behaviour under various mechanical loading environments (Vaid et al, 1990;Satake,1992;Nakata et al, 1998;Yoshimine et al, 1998;Antony, 2007;Li et al,2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear stress distribution within narrowly constrained structured grains and granulated powder beds

Antony

Al-Sharabi

Rahmanian

et al. 2015

Advanced Powder Technology

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An experimental study is presented here to understand the stress transmission characteristics under different geometrical arrangement of particulates inside a narrow chamber subjected to axial compression loading. The multi-grain systems are face-centered, simple cubic and poly-dispersed structures as well as inclusions embedded inside seeded, unseeded and cohesive powder of Durcal (calcium carbonate) particulate media. The distribution of the maximum shear stress, direction of the major principal stress and shear stress concentration factor were obtained using photo stress analysis tomography (PSAT). The results show that the maximum shear stress distribution in the simple cubic structure is chain-like and self-repetitive, i.e, a single grain behaviour is representative of the whole system. This is not the case in the case of other granular packing. In the case of the inclusion surrounded by powder media, maximum shear stress distribution occurs through ring-like structures, which are different from those observed in structured granular packing. This tendency increases for an increase in the cohesivity of the surrounding particulates. In the granular systems, the direction of the major principal stress is almost orthogonal to the direction of loading except in some particles in the random granular packing. In the case of inclusion surrounded by Durcal particulates, the directional of the major principal stress acts along the direction of the axial loading except in the ring region where this tends to be oblique to the direction of axial loading. Estimates of the shear stress concentration factor (k) show that, at higher load levels k tends to be independent of the structural arrangement of granular packing. In the case of inclusion surrounded by powder bed, k for the seeded granulated 2 particulate bed is mostly independent of the external load levels. In the case of unseeded particulate (granulated) bed, a fluctuation in k is observed with the loading level. This suggests that the seeded granules could distribute stresses in a stable manner without much change in the nature of shear stresstransmitting fabric of the particulate contacts under external loading. An increase in the cohesion of particulate beds results more plastic deformation as shown by the differential shear stress concentration factor. The results reported in this study show the usefulness of optical stress analysis to shed some scientific lights on unravelling some of the complexities of particulate systems under different structural arrangements of grains and surrounding conditions of the inclusions in particulate media.

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Flow Deformation of Sands Subjected to Principal Stress Rotation

Cited by 209 publications

References 26 publications

Macro deformation and micro structure of 3D granular assemblies subjected to rotation of principal stress axes

Macro deformation and micro structure of 3D granular assemblies subjected to rotation of principal stress axes

Experimental investigation on the deformation characteristics of granular materials under drained rotational shear

Shear stress distribution within narrowly constrained structured grains and granulated powder beds

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