Floral Organ Growth and Carbohydrate Content During Pollen Development in Lilium

Clément, C.; Burrus, Monique; Audran, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.2307/2446215

Cited by 65 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…During bud maturation leading to the late stages of pollen formation in Lilium 'Enchantment', levels of glucose and fructose in the sterile outer parts referred to as tepals exceeded those of sucrose (Clement et al 1996). In tepals of the mature bud and 2-day-old flower of L. longiflorum, soluble invertase (particularly isoforms II and III; ) predominated, with much lower activities of cell wall invertase and sucrose synthase .…”

Section: Nectar Characteristics In Relation To Morphology Of Sepals Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral nectary structure, nectar production, and carbohydrate composition in theLiliumAsiatic hybrid ‘Trésor’

Stolar

Davis

2010

Botany

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Floral nectary structure, nectar production, and carbohydrate composition were compared from petals (''inner tepals'') and sepals (''outer tepals'') of Lilium Asiatic hybrid 'Trésor' (Liliaceae). The six nectaries each occupied a narrow furrow bordered by two convergent ridges extending adaxially from the petal and sepal base. Each sepal nectary furrow was shorter and more concealed. In both nectary types, many vascular bundles comprising xylem and phloem supplied 5.5-8 layers of nectariferous parenchyma cells below the epidermis, which lacked stomata. Transmission electron microscopy of sepal nectaries demonstrated that parts of the outer epidermal wall adhered to an intact but uplifted cuticle in nectar-secreting flowers. Both apoplastic and symplastic routes were continuous from the vascular bundles to the nectary epidermis. Starch breakdown from amyloplasts throughout the nectary likely augmented nectar production. Nectar solute concentration from another Asiatic hybrid, 'Orange Pixie', was also significantly higher in petals. In 'Trésor', significantly more nectar was available from sepals, possibly reflecting reduced evaporation from multiple nectar droplets within the covered nectary furrow. However, for both hybrids, the same quantity of nectar sugar was produced by petals and sepals. Nectar composition from petals and sepals also was alike, in 'Orange Pixie' averaging 67/19/14 (= sucrose/fructose/glucose) and 59/25/17, respectively, and in 'Trésor' averaging 68/23/10 and 62/27/12, respectively.Résumé : Les auteurs ont comparé la structure des nectaires floraux, la production de nectar et la composition en glucides à partir des pétales (« tépales internes ») et des sépales (« tépales externes ») du Lilium 'Trésor' (Liliaceae). Chacun des six nectaires occupe un sillon étroit bordé par deux crêtes convergentes s'étendant en position adaxiale par rapport à la base des pétales et des sépales. Chacun des sillons des nectaires des sépales apparaît plus court et plus discret. Chez les deux types de nectaire, plusieurs faisceaux vasculaires de xylème et de phloème irriguent 5.5-8 couches de cellules de parenchymes nectarifères sous un épiderme dépourvu de stomate. La microscopie électronique par transmission des nectaires des sépales démontre que les parties externes des parois épidermiques adhèrent à une cuticule intacte, mais soulevée dans les fleurs secrétant du nectar. On observe à la fois des routes apoplastiques et symplastiques en continuité avec les faisceaux vasculaires de l'épiderme des nectaires. L'hydrolyse de l'amidon des amyloplastes dans l'ensemble du nectaire augmente vraisemblablement la production en nectar. La teneur en solutés des nectaires d'un autre hybride asiatique, 'Orange Pixie', est également plus importante dans les pétales. Chez 'Trésor', il se forme significativement plus de nectar à partir des sépales, ce qui reflète possiblement une évaporation réduite provenant des multiples gouttelettes de nectar couvrant le sillon du nectaire. Cependant, chez les deux hybrides, les pétales et l...

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Section: Nectar Characteristics In Relation To Morphology Of Sepals Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral nectary structure, nectar production, and carbohydrate composition in theLiliumAsiatic hybrid ‘Trésor’

Stolar

Davis

2010

Botany

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“…Pollen tube growth occurs rapidly in most plants with growth rates of up to 160 µm h −1 (Clément et al 1996(Clément et al , 1999. Therefore, this process is expected to be extremely energy consuming.…”

Section: Ga-mediated Expression Of Extracellular Invertase Lin7 Is Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellin-dependent induction of tomato extracellular invertase Lin7 is required for pollen development

Proels

González

Roitsch

2006

Functional Plant Biol.

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The tomato extracellular invertase family comprises four members with different expression patterns. Among the three invertase isoenzymes expressed in floral tissues, Lin5, Lin6 and Lin7, the expression of Lin7 was previously shown to be restricted to the tapetum and pollen. Histochemical analysis of β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter activity shows Lin7 expression in pollen and pollen tubes of corresponding transgenic plants. The physiological relevance of the identification of gibberellin-responsive cis-acting elements for induction of the Lin7 promoter is supported by the repression of Lin7 expression in pollen grains by the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. Functional approaches with transgenic tomato plants establish a link between gibberellin action and invertase function in the tapetum for pollen development: both tissue-specific antisense repression of extracellular Lin7 and ectopic inactivation of the biologically active GAs by expression of a GA2-oxidase under control of the Lin7 promoter result in germination deficient pollen. These complementary findings support the idea that the GA requirement of pollen development, pollen germination and pollen tube growth are linked to energy metabolism via the regulation of an extracellular invertase as a key enzyme for carbohydrate supply via an apoplasmic pathway.

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“…The tapetum tissue, which provides nutrition for the growing microspores, has been reported to exhibit vigorous metabolism at the YM stage, whereas the anthers showed the highest sink strength in floral organs (Clément et al, 1996). Water-deficit stress causes developmental defects in the tapetum and a lack of starch accumulation in pollen grains (Saini et al, 1984; Nguyen et al, 2009; Ji et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Drought Stress on Pollen Sterility, Grain Yield, Abscisic Acid and Protective Enzymes in Two Winter Wheat Cultivars

et al. 2017

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Drought stress induced pollen sterility is a detrimental factor reducing grain number in wheat. Exploring the mechanisms underlying pollen fertility under drought conditions could assist breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars with stress tolerance. Here, by using two Chinese wheat cultivars subjected to different levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress, possible links between pollen fertility and stress tolerance were analyzed under different levels of drought stress at the young microspore stage. In both cultivars, higher grain number reduction was observed under condition of lower water availability. Overall, the drought tolerant cultivar (Jinmai47) exhibited less grain number reduction than the drought sensitive cultivar (Shiluan02-1) under all stress conditions. Compared with Shiluan02-1, Jinmai47 exhibited superior physiological performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic rate, ear carbohydrate accumulation, pollen sink strength, pollen development and fertility under stress. Moreover, Jinmai47 showed a lower increase in endogenous abscisic acid in ears than Shiluan02-1. Furthermore, higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were also found in the drought tolerant cultivar Jinmai47 under PEG stress, compared with the drought sensitive cultivar Shiluan02-1. Changes in these physiological traits could contribute to better pollen development and male fertility, ultimately leading to the maintenance of grain number under drought stress.

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Floral Organ Growth and Carbohydrate Content During Pollen Development in Lilium

Cited by 65 publications

References 22 publications

Floral nectary structure, nectar production, and carbohydrate composition in theLiliumAsiatic hybrid ‘Trésor’

Floral nectary structure, nectar production, and carbohydrate composition in theLiliumAsiatic hybrid ‘Trésor’

Gibberellin-dependent induction of tomato extracellular invertase Lin7 is required for pollen development

Effects of Drought Stress on Pollen Sterility, Grain Yield, Abscisic Acid and Protective Enzymes in Two Winter Wheat Cultivars

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