Floral biology and pollination strategy of Durio (Malvaceae) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Ng, Win Seng; Wong, Sin Yeng

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d211203

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Bombax ceiba , 19˗25% [ 41 ]; Ceiba pentandra , 10˗26% [ 40 ])), but was in the range of others (e.g. Corymba gummifera , 9.3% [ 42 ], three Durio species, 5˗16% [ 43 ]). We collected nectar at different times of night, and it is possible that nectar may be more concentrated and abundant in the first part of the night, as is the case in other species [e.g., 39, 43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel bat pollination system involving obligate flower corolla removal has implications for global Dillenia conservation

et al. 2022

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The Dilleniaceae is known to produce nectarless flowers pollinated by bees, but the fact that bats ingest Dillenia biflora pollen led us to question pollination assumptions for these trees. We aimed to identify the pollinators of D. biflora, check for nectar presence, and investigate potential for cleistogamy and global prevalence of this pollination system. We examined aspects of the pollination of D. biflora on two Fijian islands using video recordings, direct observations, hand pollination, measurements (flowers, bite marks, nectar), and monitoring. The flowers, receptive for one night, contained copious nectar and had permanently closed globose corollas that required removal by bats for pollination. All the 101 flowers that retained their corolla died and did not produce seeds by cleistogamy. The bat Notopteris macdonaldi was well adapted to corolla removal. Keeping corollas closed until bats manipulate the nectar-rich flowers is a beneficial strategy in high-rainfall environments with many flower parasites. We propose to name a pollination system reliant exclusively on bats “chiropteropisteusis.” From clues in the literature, other species in the geographical range of Dillenia are probably chiropteropisunous. Chiropteropisteusis should be investigated in the Old-World range of Dillenia, many species of which are threatened. The remarkable “fall” of the entire corolla observed by an earlier botanist for several species in the genus is most likely attributable to bats. This discovery has important implications for the conservation of bat-dependent trees and their associated fauna, particularly considering the high level of threat faced by flying-foxes globally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel bat pollination system involving obligate flower corolla removal has implications for global Dillenia conservation

et al. 2022

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“…Beberapa peneliti telah melakukan penyerbukan silang buatan pada tanaman durian, yaitu Kozai dan Higuchi (2020), Ng et al (2020), Indriyani et al (2012), dan Honsho et al (2007) dan mereka berhasil meningkatkan keberhasilan persilangan pada durian yang dicobakan. Untuk melakukan persilangan buatan, informasi viabilitas serbuk sari bunga durian serta waktu persilangan yang tepat dan efektif perlu diketahui.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Penyerbukan bunga durian banyak dilakukan pada malam hari, karena waktu mekar bunga durian umumnya mulai dari sore hingga malam (Ng et al 2020). Waktu mekar bunga durian berbeda-beda setiap varietas, durian varietas Montong bunganya mekar jam 16.00-19.00 (Kozai dan Higuchi 2020) dan jam 15.00 -22.00 (Ashari dan Wahyuni 2010), durian varietas Sunan bunganya mekar pada jam 16.00 -18.00, dan beberapa durian lain seperti varietas Sitokong, varietas Hape dan varietas Petruk bunganya mekar mulai pukul 16.00 dan akan rontok pada malam sampai pagi hari (Ashari dan Wahyuni 2010).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Viabilitas Serbuk Sari dan Keberhasilan Persilangan antara Durian Montong dan Sitokong pada Tiga Waktu Berbeda

Zulfahmi

Batubara

Rosmaina

2022

Agrotechnology Res J

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The success of durian pollination in nature is very low (<5%) due to high self-incompatibility in durian flowers. Artificial cross-pollination is an alternative method that can be used to increase the successful pollination of durian. So, information on the pollen viability of the durian flower and the time of artificial cross-pollination accurate and effective is required. This research aimed to examine the pollen viability of the durian varieties of Montong and Sitokong varieties at three different times and to determine the success rate of artificial cross-pollination between both varieties at three different times. This research was carried out at the Morpoyan Seed Center and the Genetic and Breeding Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, UIN Suska Riau. Pollen viability testing used the staining method. Artificial cross-pollination between the Montong durian and the Sitokong durian was carried out reciprocally at three different times (11.00–13.00, 15.00–17.00, and 19.00–21.00). The total number of flowers crossed was 300. The results of this study showed that the percentage of pollen viability of Montong durian at 11.00–13.00, 15.00–17.00, and 19.00–21.00 was 94.91, 97.67, and 97.23%, respectively. While the pollen viability of Sitokong durian was 93.33% at 11.00–13.00, 94.45% at 15.00–17.00, and 94.76% at 19.00–21.00. The successful rate of crosses of durian Montong (♀) x Sitokong (♂) at 11.00–13.00, 15.00–17.00, and 19.00–21.00, respectively were 46, 26, and 34%, while the percentage of success of durian Sitokong crosses (♀) x Montong (♂) is 48% at 11.00–13.00, 54% at 15.00–17.00, and 22% at 19.00–21.00. Successful artificial cross-pollination between Montong and Sitokong durian or vice versa was higher at 11.00–13.00 compared to other times. The results of this study can be utilized to formulate the timing of artificial cross-pollination of durian in the future.

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“…This can cause the durian plant not to bear fruit, because it is known that many types of durians are self-incompatible, meaning their own flowers cannot pollinate them. As stated by [3], several types of durians cannot bear fruit unless pollinated by a different type of durian. Apart from the inability of the durian plant to bear fruit, the problem that is also encountered in durian cultivation is the taste of the fruit which is not sweet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering Durian Farmer Groups through the Application of Cultivation Technology

Rineksane,

Mulyono

2024

iccs

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Abstract. Kokap sub-district is the sub-district with the largest area when compared to other sub-districts in Kulon Progo Regency. The administrative area of Kokap District consists of 5 subdistricts, namely Hargomulyo, Hargorejo, Hargowilis, Kalirejo and Hargotirto. The types of plants cultivated in the Kokap area include food crops, crops, plantations and horticulture such as vegetables and fruits. Durian is not included in the list of plants grown in the Kokap District area, because Durian is still cultivated in residents' yards with not as many other plants. Nonetheless, the PCM Kokap durian farmer organization has expressed the difficulties related to durian cultivation, including the problem of fruitless durian trees and the poor taste of the fruit's flesh, even when it succeeds in yielding fruit. The lack of knowledge about proper durian production methods is another issue that the locals must deal with. In addition, they have no idea how to take care of durian plants to ensure that they yield fruit with a sweet flavor. The solution offered to overcome this problem is counseling and cultivation practices and maintenance of durian plants in accordance with Good Agricultural Practices so that it is hoped that durian plants can bear fruit with a sweet taste of fruit flesh. The results of the activity show an increase in knowledge and skills of durian farmers regarding durian cultivation practices that are in accordance with good agricultural practices and efforts to make durian plants bear sweet fruit. Farmers' awareness of applying fertilization or booster/hormonal treatments to plants increased by 17%.

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Floral biology and pollination strategy of Durio (Malvaceae) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

A novel bat pollination system involving obligate flower corolla removal has implications for global Dillenia conservation

A novel bat pollination system involving obligate flower corolla removal has implications for global Dillenia conservation

Viabilitas Serbuk Sari dan Keberhasilan Persilangan antara Durian Montong dan Sitokong pada Tiga Waktu Berbeda

Empowering Durian Farmer Groups through the Application of Cultivation Technology

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