“…Houard (1933) also recorded galls on leaves and stems of H. pulchellum. This ability of the gall inducers to manipulate different organs in the same plant is occasionally long membranous leaves of filmy ferns (see Gonzatti and Windisch, 2018). Interestingly, in H. pulchellum, the galls are close to tuffs of leaves ( Figure 4C-E), which may be a source of nutrients to galling or only an error in the manipulation of plant systems.…”