Flexible freestanding conductive nanopaper based on PPy:PSS nanocellulose composite for supercapacitors with high performance

Abstract

A freestanding, binder-free flexible polypyrrole: polystyrene sulfonate/cellulose nanopaper (PPy:PSS/CNP) electrode is successfully fabricated by a low-cost, simple, and fast vacuum filtration method for the first time. The hierarchical structure of CNP with high surface area and good mechanical strength not only provides a high electroactive region and shortens the diffusion distance of electrolyte ions, but also mitigates the volumetric expansion/shrinkage of the PPy during the charging/discharging process. The optimized PPy:PSS/CNP exhibits a high areal specific capacitance of 3.8 F cm −2 (corresponding to 475 F cm −3 and 240 F g −1 ) at 10 mV s −1 and good cycling stability (80.9% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). The cyclic voltammetry curves of PPy:PSS/CNP at different bending angles indicate prominent flexibility and electrochemical stability of the electrode. Moreover, a symmetric supercapacitor device is assembled and delivers a high areal energy density of 122 μW h cm −2 (15 W h cm −3 ) at a power density of 4.4 mW cm −2 (550 mW cm −3 ), which is superior to other cellulose-based materials. The combination of high supercapacitive performance, flexibility, easy fabrication, and cheapness of the PPy: PSS/CNP electrodes offers great potential for developing the next generation of green and economical portable and wearable consumer electronics.

Smart fibers and textiles for emerging clothe-based wearable electronics: materials, fabrications and applications

“…Under 20% tensile strain, the strain coefficient of the prepared fabric sensor is larger than 0.76. Liang et al 88 successfully prepared, for the first time, a self-supporting, binder-free flexible PPy:PSS/CNP electrode by a low-cost, simple, and rapid vacuum filtration method. The multi-layer structure of CNP has a high surface area and good mechanical strength, which not only provides a high electroactive area and reduces the diffusion distance of electrolyte ions, but also prevents the volume expansion/contraction of PPy during charging/discharging (Fig.…”

“…(h) Photographs of polypyrrole: polystyrene sulfonate/cellulose nanopaper (PPy:PSS/CNP)-4 films with different bending angles. 88 Copyright (2022), with permission from Springer Nature. (i) Schematic diagram of the preparation process of human skin and subcutaneous spinous microstructures and MXene-based piezoresistive sensors with randomly distributed bionic spinous microstructures 89 Copyright (2020), with permission from American Chemical Society.…”

“…Copyright (2017), with permission from American Chemical Society. (h) Photographs of polypyrrole: polystyrene sulfonate/cellulose nanopaper (PPy:PSS/CNP)-4 films with different bending angles 88. Copyright (2022), with permission from Springer Nature.…”

Recent research progress of paper-based supercapacitors based on cellulose

“…In this paper, three recent works on the improvement of conductive polymer 1D cellulose composite fibers using PSS are summarized. As shown in Figure 7E, Zhang et al [91] added PSS to a mixed solution of pyrrole monomer and CNF, and improved the loading of polypyrrole on the surface of CNF through PSS. The results show that the paper-based electrode PPy:PSS/CNP with PSS exhibits a specific capacitance of 240F g -1 .…”

One‐Step Cooperative Growth of High Reaction Kinetics Composite Homogeneous Core–Shell Heterostructure

“…It is visible that the surface of NiCo-LDH is wrapped by a layer of PPy in NiCo-LDH@PPy. Taking into account that PPy has a substantially lower specific capacity than NiCo-LDH, [38][39][40] the thin layer coverage of PPy in NiCo-LDH@PPy prevents the over-coverage of PPy while protecting the structure of NiCo-LDH, which is beneficial to enhance the electrode capacity. [35,36] In Figure 3a, an XRD analysis of all samples' phases is shown.…”