Flexible and Reliable UAV-Assisted Backhaul Operation in 5G mmWave Cellular Networks

Recently, due to the staggering growth of wireless data traffic, heterogeneous networks have drawn tremendous attention due to the capabilities of enhancing the capacity/coverage and to save energy consumption for the next generation wireless networks. In this paper, we study a long-run user-centric network selection problem in the 5G heterogeneous network, where the network selection strategies of the users can be investigated dynamically. Unlike the conventional studies on the long-run model, we incorporate the memory effect and consider the fact that the decision-making of the users is affected by their memory, i.e., their past service experience. Namely, the users select the network based on not only their instantaneous achievable service experience but also their past service experience within their memory. Specifically, we model and study the interaction among the users in the framework of fractional evolutionary game based on the classical evolutionary game theory and the concept of the power-law memory. We analytically prove that the equilibrium of the fractional evolutionary game exists, is unique and uniformly stable. We also numerically demonstrate the stability of the fractional evolutionary equilibrium. Extensive numerical results have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the fractional evolutionary game. The numerical results have revealed some insightful findings. For example, the user in the fractional evolutionary game with positive memory effect can achieve a higher cumulative utility compared with the user in the fractional evolutionary game with negative memory effect. Moreover, the fractional evolutionary game with positive memory effect can reduce the loss in the user's cumulative utility caused by the small-scale fading. 2 Network selection, fractional evolutionary game, memory-affecting rationality, and heterogeneous network.

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“…The proof is completed. Table II, which is similar to those in [32] and [50]. The domains of definition for y u (t), y m (t), y a (t),…”

Section: B Stability On the Fractional Evolutionary Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 83%

Dynamic Model for Network Selection in Next Generation HetNets With Memory-Affecting Rational Users

Feng

Niyato

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput.

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“…For instance, even though channel modeling in the context of UAV communications has been discussed in recent studies [16]- [18], these prior works are restricted to sub-6 GHz bands whose results cannot directly extended to mmWave systems. Meanwhile, most of the prior art on mmWave communications [19]- [22] does not address the presence of UAVs, with the exception of a few recent works in [23]- [29].…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Channel Models for Millimeter Wave UAV Networks Under Hovering Fluctuations

Dabiri

Safi

Parsaeefard

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

131

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The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless systems has been recently proposed to provide high data rate aerial links for next generation wireless networks. However, establishing UAVbased mmWave links is quite challenging due to the random fluctuations of hovering UAVs which can induce antenna gain mismatch between transmitter and receiver. To assess the benefit of UAV-based mmWave links, in this paper, tractable, closedform statistical channel models are derived for three UAV communication scenarios: (i) a direct UAV-to-UAV link, (ii) an aerial relay link in which source, relay, and destination are hovering UAVs, and (iii) a relay link in which a hovering UAV connects a ground source to a ground destination. The accuracy of the derived analytical expressions is corroborated by performing Monte-Carlo simulations. Numerical results are then used to study the effect of antenna directivity gain under different channel conditions for establishing reliable UAV-based mmWave links in terms of achieving minimum outage probability. It is shown that the performance of such links is largely dependent on the random fluctuations of hovering UAVs. Moreover, higher antenna directivity gains achieve better performance at low SNR regime. Nevertheless, at the high SNR regime, lower antenna directivity gains result in a more reliable communication link. The developed results can therefore be applied as a benchmark for finding the optimal antenna directivity gain of UAVs under the different levels of instability without resorting to time-consuming simulations.

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“…UAVs acting as BS carriers, named in this work UAV-BSs, have recently gained increased interest from the academic and industrial communities [3]. This is in part to meet the stringent performance requirements related to ubiquitous coverage, for example, during short-lived and spontaneous events in order to strategically densify the network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerial Access and Backhaul in mmWave B5G Systems: Performance Dynamics and Optimization

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based communication in millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies to provide on-demand radio access is a promising approach to improve capacity and coverage in beyond-5G (B5G) systems. There are several design aspects to be addressed when optimizing for the deployment of such UAV base stations. As traffic demand of mobile users varies across time and space, dynamic algorithms that correspondingly adjust the UAV locations are essential to maximize performance. In addition to careful tracking of spatiotemporal user/traffic activity, such optimization needs to account for realistic backhaul constraints. In this work, we first review the latest 3GPP activities behind integrated access and backhaul system design, support for UAV base stations, and mmWave radio relaying functionality. We then compare static and mobile UAV-based communication options under practical assumptions on the mmWave system layout, mobility and clusterization of users, antenna array geometry, and dynamic backhauling. We demonstrate that leveraging the UAV mobility to serve moving users may improve the overall system performance even in the presence of backhaul capacity limitations.

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Flexible and Reliable UAV-Assisted Backhaul Operation in 5G mmWave Cellular Networks

Cited by 164 publications

References 26 publications

Dynamic Model for Network Selection in Next Generation HetNets With Memory-Affecting Rational Users

Dynamic Model for Network Selection in Next Generation HetNets With Memory-Affecting Rational Users

Analytical Channel Models for Millimeter Wave UAV Networks Under Hovering Fluctuations

Aerial Access and Backhaul in mmWave B5G Systems: Performance Dynamics and Optimization

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