Flavonoids from the Grains of C1/R-S Transgenic Rice, the Transgenic Oryza sativa spp. <i>japonica</i>, and Their Radical Scavenging Activities

Adansonia digitata (A. digitata) leaves serve as food and has several medicinal uses in many parts of the world. This study evaluated the influence of blanching on the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of methanol extract of A. digitata leaves on the activities of some key enzymes (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase) implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vitro. Reverse‐phase HPLC analysis revealed that the leaves had appreciable levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids, including catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin (flavonoids); gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and ellagic acids (phenolic acids). Blanching caused significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the flavonoids and phenolic acids contents; DPPH* (2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS*+ [2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation] scavenging ability; reducing power; and Fe2+‐induced lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity of the extract. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of the extract on the activities of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced due to blanching. Thus, A. digitata leaves extract could be effective for the management of T2D due to its flavonoids and phenolic acids content, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory potency on the activities of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase. However, blanching militated against the levels of these functional attributes of the leaves and, therefore, may not be recommended for their optimal retention.

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“…; Cho et al. ). In contrast, phenolic acids contain a phenolic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function (Goufo et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitata leaves extract on α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase

Irondi

Akintunde

Agboola

et al. 2016

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Some of the benefits attributed to flavonoids include anti‐oxidant, anti‐allergic, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐virus activities (Nijveldt and others ; Jin and others ; Tanaka ). A number of different mechanisms may be involved in such biological activities of flavonoids through radical scavenging action and association with different endogenous protein (Cho and others ; Du and others ). As a member of flavones, luteolin also exerts a variety of pharmacological activities including anti‐oxidant properties associated with radical scavenging activities (Seelinger and others ; George and others ; Wolfle and others ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Catechol O‐Methyl Transferase Inhibition on Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Luteolin Metabolites

Lee

Cho

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Science

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Although luteolin is known to have potent anti-inflammatory activities, much less information has been provided on such activities of its hepatic metabolites. Luteolin was subjected to hepatic metabolism in HepG2 cells either without or with catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor. To identify hepatic metabolites of luteolin without (luteolin metabolites, LMs) or with COMT inhibitor (LMs+CI), metabolites were treated by β-glucuronidase and sulfatase, and found that they were composed of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of diosmetin in LMs or these conjugates of luteolin in LMs+CI. LMs and LMs+CI were examined for their anti-inflammatory activities on LPS stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Expression of iNOS and production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were suppressed more effectively by the treatment with LMs+CI than LMs. Our data provide a new insight on possible improvement in functional properties of luteolin on target cells by modifying their metabolic pathway in hepatocytes.

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“…The flavonoid consumed most, in general, is quercetin, and the richest sources of flavonoids consumed in general are tea, onions, and apples 5. Flavonoids contain a number of phenolic hydroxyl groups attached to ring structures, which may act as antioxidants,6,7,8 as radical-scavenging agents,9,10 or as agents of anti-inflammation 11,12. Recently, significant evidence has emerged to indicate that the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods is associated with lower rates of dementia13 and beneficial effects on memory and learning 13,14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flavonoid Compounds on β-amyloid-peptide-induced Neuronal Death in Cultured Mouse Cortical Neurons

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Cho³

et al. 2014

Chonnam Med J

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Excessive accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is one of the major mechanisms responsible for neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. Flavonoids, primarily antioxidants, are a group of polyphenolic compounds synthesized in plant cells. The present study aimed to identify flavonoid compounds that could inhibit Aβ-induced neuronal death by examining the effects of various flavonoids on the neurotoxicity of Aβ fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in mouse cortical cultures. Aβ25-35 induced concentration- and exposure-time-dependent neuronal death. Neuronal death induced by 20 µM Aβ25-35 was significantly inhibited by treatment with either Trolox or ascorbic acid. Among 10 flavonoid compounds tested [apigenin, baicalein, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, and rutin], all except apigenin showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity under cell-free conditions. The flavonoid compounds except apigenin at a concentration of 30 µM also significantly inhibited neuronal death induced by 20 µM Aβ25-35 at the end of 24 hours of exposure. Epicatechin, EGCG, luteolin, and myricetin showed more potent and persistent neuroprotective action than did the other compounds. These results demonstrated that oxidative stress was involved in Aβ-induced neuronal death, and antioxidative flavonoid compounds, especially epicatechin, EGCG, luteolin, and myricetin, could inhibit neuronal death. These findings suggest that these four compounds may be developed as neuroprotective agents against Alzheimer's disease.

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Flavonoids from the Grains of C1/R-S Transgenic Rice, the Transgenic Oryza sativa spp. japonica, and Their Radical Scavenging Activities

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitata leaves extract on α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase

Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitata leaves extract on α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase

Effects of Catechol O‐Methyl Transferase Inhibition on Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Luteolin Metabolites

Effects of Flavonoid Compounds on β-amyloid-peptide-induced Neuronal Death in Cultured Mouse Cortical Neurons

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