Flavonoids from Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. and their cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines

Abstract

Abstract. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to have cytotoxic activities toward numerous human cancer cells, whereas they have little or no effect on normal cells. The numerous flavonoids in traditional Chinese herbs may be promising candidates for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Our previous study demonstrated that CH 2 Cl 2 and 95% ethanol eluate (EE) fractions have the strongest cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines of the 9 fractions separated from Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., which is widely used to prevent and treat diverse diseases in Northeast China. In the present study, 8 flavonoids were isolated from the 95% EE fraction of Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The following 5 flavonoids were isolated for the first time from this plant: Jaceosidin, kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin and quercitrin. A total of 2 flavonoids from the CH 2 Cl 2 fraction and 8 flavonoids from the 95% EE fraction were examined to evaluate their cytotoxic activities against human SK-HEP-1 hepatoma cancer cells and human HeLa cervical cancer cells, respectively. The results revealed that 2 flavonoids had marked cytotoxic activities against HeLa cells.

Quercetin Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells via Downregulation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4), Mucin 1 (MUC1), and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM)

“…EpCAMs play an important role in cancer by possibly upregulating c-myc and cyclin A, activating the Wnt signaling pathway, and inducing proliferation [ 33 , 34 ]. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that EpCAMs may act as CSC markers for many tumors, including breast, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers [ 35 , 36 ]. In addition, high EpCAM expression levels are often correlated with poor prognoses in cancers such as breast and gallbladder cancers [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the genus artemisia

“…Two flavonoids obtained from the dichloromethane portion and other flavonoids from the 95% ethyl ether portions were analyzed for anticancer effects on human SK-Hep 1 hepatoma cancer cells human and HeLa cervical cancer cells. Two flavonoids have possessed significant anticancer activity against the HeLa cells line (Yuan et al 2016 ). It was found that antiproliferative properties have been ascertained for some varieties of the genus artemisia.…”

Catechol-Type Flavonoids from the Branches of Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Exert Antioxidant Activity and an Inhibitory Effect on Amyloid-β Aggregation

“…Finally, sixteen compounds ( 1 – 16 ), including three phenols ( 1 – 3 ), ten flavonoids ( 4 – 13 ), two triterpenoids ( 14 , 15 ), and one fatty acid ester ( 16 ), were purified ( Figure 5 ). By comparing the spectral and physicochemical properties of these compounds ( Supplementary Materials ) with those of previously reported compounds, the sixteen compounds were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ( 1 ) [ 33 ], salicylic acid ( 2 ) [ 34 ], vanillic acid ( 3 ) [ 35 ], (+)-catechin ( 4 ) [ 36 ], (–)-epicatechin ( 5 ) [ 37 ], (+)-gallocatechin ( 6 ) [ 36 ], (–)-epigallocatechin ( 7 ) [ 38 ], procyanidin B3 ( 8 ) [ 39 ], procyanidin B4 ( 9 ) [ 40 ], kaempferol ( 10 ) [ 41 ], astragalin ( 11 ) [ 42 ], trans -tiliroside ( 12 ) [ 38 ], helichrysoside ( 13 ) [ 43 ], betulinic acid-3- O - trans -caffeate ( 14 ) [ 44 ], ursolic acid-3- O - trans -caffeate ( 15 ) [ 45 ], and 1-mono(22- O -feruloyl-oxydocosanoyl)glycerol ( 16 ) [ 46 ]. Previous studies have reported the presence of various types of phytochemicals in the genus Elaeagnus , including flavonoids (e.g., rutin, epigallocatechin gallate, and isorhamnetin) and phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid, pyrogallol, and ferulic acid) from E. umbellata [ 20 ], E. angustifolia [ 47 ], and E. pungens [ 48 ]; and triterpenoid saponins (e.g., terpengustifol), lignan glycosides (e.g., phengustifols A and B), and alkaloids (e.g., harmane and tetrahydroharmol) from E. angustifolia [ 23 , 47 ].…”