Flavonoids: A Reservoir of Drugs from Nature

Malla, Ali Mohammed; Dar, Bashir Ahmad; Исаев, А. Б.; Lone, Yaqoob; Banday, Mudasir R.

doi:10.2174/1389557522666220420102545

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Flavonoids have potent anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory cell and tissue protective properties. 316 , 317 , 318 Alleviation of inflammation by flavonoids provides relief from nociceptive and neuropathic pain 319 through modulation of interactions with pain receptors, 320 ion channels, 321 , 322 , 323 inhibition of inflammatory cell signaling, 324 , 325 , 326 neuroglial activation, 327 and a reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels. 328 , 329 , 330 The vagus nerve and its branches have an extensive distribution in the body and its afferent and efferent fibers have motor and sensory properties that regulate many organ systems and the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Future Research and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of dietary phytochemicals possess anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties and have been shown to have tissue and disc cell protective properties in‐vitro. Flavonoids have potent anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory cell and tissue protective properties 316–318 . Alleviation of inflammation by flavonoids provides relief from nociceptive and neuropathic pain 319 through modulation of interactions with pain receptors, 320 ion channels, 321–323 inhibition of inflammatory cell signaling, 324–326 neuroglial activation, 327 and a reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels 328–330 .…”

Section: Future Research and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intervertebral disc degeneration and how it leads to low back pain

Diwan

Melrose

2022

JOR Spine

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The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has made invaluable contributions to the identification of molecular events occurring in and contributing to pain generation. IVD degeneration and associated spinal pain is a complex multifactorial process, its complexity poses difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic target to focus on of many potential candidates in the formulation of strategies to alleviate pain perception and to effect disc repair and regeneration and the prevention of associated neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Nerve ingrowth and increased numbers of nociceptors and mechanoreceptors in the degenerate IVD are mechanically stimulated in the biomechanically incompetent abnormally loaded degenerate IVD leading to increased generation of low back pain. Maintenance of a healthy IVD is, thus, an important preventative measure that warrants further investigation to preclude the generation of low back pain. Recent studies with growth and differentiation factor 6 in IVD puncture and multi‐level IVD degeneration models and a rat xenograft radiculopathy pain model have shown it has considerable potential in the prevention of further deterioration in degenerate IVDs, has regenerative properties that promote recovery of normal IVD architectural functional organization and inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators that lead to disc degeneration and the generation of low back pain. Human clinical trials are warranted and eagerly anticipated with this compound to assess its efficacy in the treatment of IVD degeneration and the prevention of the generation of low back pain.

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Section: Future Research and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Research and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervertebral disc degeneration and how it leads to low back pain

Diwan

Melrose

2022

JOR Spine

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“…A selection of flavonoids and related phytochemicals with anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties and in some cases an ability to promote IVD regeneration and alleviate pain are presented in Table 4 . The recent identification of the gut microbiome‐IVD axis may be a potential delivery system for potent anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory gut generated phytochemical metabolites with cell and tissue protective properties 321 , 322 , 323 and potential roles in the prevention of chronic pain. 324 , 325 , 326 , 327 Further studies are warranted to examine this possibility.…”

Section: Anti‐inflammatory Phytochemicals Displaying Ivd ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. The recent identification of the gut microbiome-IVD axis may be a potential delivery system for potent anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory gut generated phytochemical metabolites with cell and tissue protective properties [321][322][323] and potential roles in the prevention of chronic pain. [324][325][326][327] Further studies are warranted to examine this possibility.…”

Section: Promising New Therapies For Ivdd and Lbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain: Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence to improve research analysis and development of prospective therapeutics

et al. 2023

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Animal models have been invaluable in the identification of molecular events occurring in and contributing to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and important therapeutic targets have been identified. Some outstanding animal models (murine, ovine, chondrodystrophoid canine) have been identified with their own strengths and weaknesses. The llama/alpaca, horse and kangaroo have emerged as new large species for IVD studies, and only time will tell if they will surpass the utility of existing models. The complexity of IVD degeneration poses difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate molecular target of many potential candidates, to focus on in the formulation of strategies to effect disc repair and regeneration. It may well be that many therapeutic objectives should be targeted simultaneously to effect a favorable outcome in human IVD degeneration. Use of animal models in isolation will not allow resolution of this complex issue and a paradigm shift and adoption of new methodologies is required to provide the next step forward in the determination of an effective repairative strategy for the IVD. AI has improved the accuracy and assessment of spinal imaging supporting clinical diagnostics and research efforts to better understand IVD degeneration and its treatment. Implementation of AI in the evaluation of histology data has improved the usefulness of a popular murine IVD model and could also be used in an ovine histopathological grading scheme that has been used to quantify degenerative IVD changes and stem cell mediated regeneration. These models are also attractive candidates for the evaluation of novel anti‐oxidant compounds that counter inflammatory conditions in degenerate IVDs and promote IVD regeneration. Some of these compounds also have pain‐relieving properties. AI has facilitated development of facial recognition pain assessment in animal IVD models offering the possibility of correlating the potential pain alleviating properties of some of these compounds with IVD regeneration.

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“…Flavonoids are a kind of important natural organic compounds widely existing in nature, with antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and other biological activities. − Their basic structure consists of two phenyl rings and a heterocyclic ring. The molecular structures of common flavonoids are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%