Flame‐retarded rigid polyurethane foam conferred by an amino trimethylphosphonate iron and expandable graphite compound flame retardant

Abstract

Flame‐retarded rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) conferred by an amino trimethylphosphonate iron (Fe2+‐ATMP) and expandable graphite (EG) compound flame retardant has been successfully fabricated by one‐step all‐water foaming method. The combustion characteristics of the RPUFs and the synergistic effect of Fe2+‐ATMP and EG on RPUF have been studied based on limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke toxicity analysis, cone calorimeter (CONE), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and thermal decomposition kinetics analysis. The current results indicated that the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the RPUFs modified by Fe2+‐ATMP and EG had been improved obviously and the contents of smoke toxic gases had been significantly reduced. When the ratio of Fe2+‐ATMP to EG was 1:5, LOI of the modified RPUF was the highest (27.1%). And its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were the lowest, which were 135 kW/m2 and 15.7 MJ/m2, respectively, and were 40.5% and 17.8% lower than RPUF‐0. It also showed that the modified RPUF with a Fe2+‐ATMP to EG ratio of 1:5 had the best flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability. The present work can provide some reference and guidance for flame retardant modification of polyurethane foam.

Hydrogel and aerogel‐based flame‐retardant polymeric materials: A review

“…Furthermore, incorporation of flame-retardant materials into hydrogels can reduce the heat transfer rate, when a char residue is created, and thus suppress the fire. 77,78 The hydrogels can prevent water loss and form a fire-resistant layer on the surface of the materials. The hydrogel-fabric laminates can remain at a low temperature on the fabric surface before water fully evaporates, and prolong the time for firefighters to save more lives.…”

Synergy between manganese phytate and expandable graphite on thermal stability and combustion behavior of rigid polyurethane foam

“…Zhang et al investigated the synergistic effect of Ca 2+ ‐ATMP/Fe 2+ ‐ATMP and EG on the flame retardant and thermal stability of RPUFs. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of Ca 2+ ‐ATMP/Fe 2+ ‐ATMP to EG was 1:5, the LOI value of RPUF was 26.3% and 27.1% 16,17 …”

“…The experimental results showed that when the ratio of Ca 2+ -ATMP/Fe 2+ -ATMP to EG was 1:5, the LOI value of RPUF was 26.3% and 27.1%. 16,17 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods were applied to determine the activation energy of propellants with different conversion rates. The results indicated that the calculation results of the two methods are highly, which trends were the same.…”

Inorganic/organic phosphorus‐based flame retardants synergistic flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam

“…Nonetheless, most of the existing literature reports the application of a single phosphorus-containing flame retardant, or a combination with other inorganic fillers in RPUF. [15,[25][26][27] Few literatures report the combination effect of the different phosphorus-containing flame retardants on the fire resistance and compressive properties of RPUF.…”