Flame retardant property of flax fabrics coated by extracellular polymeric substances recovered from both activated sludge and aerobic granular sludge

Kim, Nam Kyeun; Mao, Ningtao; Lin, Richard; Bhattacharyya, Debes; Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. van; Lin, Yuemei

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115344

Cited by 91 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There is a strong need of technical and economical feasible strategies for WWTP companies to valorize waste, which could also contribute for a positive environmental balance. EPS extraction plants are starting to be constructed, and a first extraction plant in the Netherlands, is already operating [14]. The EPS is marketed under the brand name Kaumera (https:// kaumera.com/english/).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AGS-derived biopolymers have also been commercialized as a product for the construction engineering market, offering improvement for curing of cement (http://www.ngcm.nl/curing-compound.html). Further, EPS recovered from WWTPs processes have been reported to have potential in the chemical sector, as a soil enhancer in agriculture, brick addictive [21], flocculation, dewatering chemicals, biosorption agents for wastewater treatment [22,23], coating materials or the development of flame-retardant materials and coatings [14,19,24,25]. EPS recovered from aerobic granular sludge has also been referred as having potential in the food sector [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances from a full-scale aerobic granular sludge reactor treating urban wastewater

Oliveira

Amorim

Ramos

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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Within the framework of the circular economy, there is a need for waste management alternatives that promote the reuse of materials produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). An interesting option is the recovery of extracellular substances from sludge. The variability of characteristics of potential recovered bioproducts has to be assessed in full scale operational settings. In this study, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) from a full-scale WWTP treating urban wastewater was regularly collected for 4 months to assess variability in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition and in granular morphology. Variations in the EPS composition occurred with time. Proteins and humic substances were the main EPS components (329-494 and 259−316 mg/g VSS of AGS, respectively), with polysaccharides and DNA representing minor components. The application of an extra purification step after extraction to obtain a purer EPS led to a decrease in the yield of each EPS component, particularly pronounced for the polysaccharides. The final product had a rather constant composition for the monthly samples. The granules showed morphological stability throughout the sampling period and the yield of EPS was correlated to the size of the granules, higher when there was a higher content of small granules (Deq < 150 μm) comparing to intermediate (150 ≤ Deq < 1500 μm) or large granules (Deq≥1500 μm). This is the first time that a potential valorization strategy for surplus AGS biomass is studied in a full-scale environment. Knowledge on yield and product homogeneity is important as these features are essential for downstream application of the recovered EPS. the conventional activated sludge systems. This is related to lower investment costs (10-30 %), around 30 % savings in energy consumption and ca. 70 % less space needed [2]. AGS is considered a special case of suspended biofilms in which self-immobilized microorganisms form spherical sludge aggregates. Microorganisms are embedded in a selfproduced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix thus avoiding the need for any carrier [3][4][5]. The formation of AGS can be accomplished using sequencing batch reactors (SBR), alternating between aerobic and anaerobic periods [6]. Interesting properties, such as high biomass retention, settling properties (increasing the amount of water that can be treated in a certain period), tolerance to chemical toxicity, high biosorption capacity, ability to remove organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously, make this technology increasingly attractive over the conventional activated sludge systems

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances from a full-scale aerobic granular sludge reactor treating urban wastewater

Oliveira

Amorim

Ramos

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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Section: Extracellular Polymeric Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another property of AGS-based sEPS is regarding their possibility to be used as extinguished bio-based flame retardant materials for flax fabrics due to their effective char formation [ 173 ]. EPS have self-extinguishing properties, indicating their feasible application as coating materials [ 173 ]. To date, the market for flame retardants comprises almost 31% halogenated materials even though they have hazardous influences on humans and on the environment.…”

Section: Extracellular Polymeric Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physicochemical interactions between the adsorbates and functional groups of EPS, promote the adsorption of metals or other compounds [170,171] Flame retardant sEPS can be extinguished bio-based flame retardant materials for flax fabrics due to effective char formation. [173] Bioflocculation Some functional groups present on the EPS contribute to the flocculation abilities of these biopolymers [174] Soil conditioning…”

Section: Coating Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale

Duque

Campo

Río

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Over the last few years, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been rebranded as water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), which recognize the resource recovery potential that exists in wastewater streams. WRRFs contribute to a circular economy by not only producing clean water but by recovering valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and other bio-based materials. To this aim, huge efforts in technological progress have been made to valorize sewage and sewage sludge, transforming them into valuable resources. This review summarizes some of the widely used and effective strategies applied at pilot- and full-scale settings in order to valorize the wastewater treatment process. An overview of the different technologies applied in the water and sludge line is presented, covering a broad range of resources, i.e., water, biomass, energy, nutrients, volatile fatty acids (VFA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and exopolymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, guidelines and regulations around the world related to water reuse and resource valorization are reviewed.

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Aerobic Granular Sludge: Perspectives for Excess Sludge Management and Resource Recovery

Dababat,

Enaime,

Wichern

et al. 2023

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is gaining increasing interest globally. However, several aspects are still challenging its installation, as the integration into existing municipal wastewater treatment plants. The operation of AGS units in continuous flow mode could facilitate that integration; yet has only been experienced at lab and pilot scales. Further, handling of excess granular sludge constitutes a prominent challenge. Even that, adopting effective strategies for its management holds promising contributions to the circular economy by fostering the reuse and recovery of valuable resources. The recovery of phosphorus and alginate‐like polymers holds significant commercial potential worldwide, with broad applications in agriculture, food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.

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Flame retardant property of flax fabrics coated by extracellular polymeric substances recovered from both activated sludge and aerobic granular sludge

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Variability in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances from a full-scale aerobic granular sludge reactor treating urban wastewater

Variability in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances from a full-scale aerobic granular sludge reactor treating urban wastewater

Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale

Aerobic Granular Sludge: Perspectives for Excess Sludge Management and Resource Recovery

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