Differences in the evolution of the measurement of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere and in motor vehicle emissions have resulted in the present situation in which atmospheric concentrations of hydrocarbons and the national air quality standards for hydrocarbons are reported on a non-methane (excluding methane) basis whereas motor vehicle emission concentrations are reported on a total hydrocarbon (including methane) basis. This paper discusses these differences in measurement technology, the reasons for their having arisen, and the influence of these differences upon the setting of the 90% hydrocarbon requirement of the Clean Air Amendments of 1 970 and upon the EPA 1 975 motor vehicle emission standard for hydrocarbons. It is concluded that the 1975 motor vehicle emission standard for hydrocarbons should reflect only the nonmethane portion of the total hydrocarbon emissions. A possible method for developing these standards is given.