Fixed-Bed Adsorption Comparisons of Bone Char and Activated Alumina for the Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water

Kennedy, Anthony M.; Arias‐Paić, Miguel

doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001625

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Various adsorbents have been investigated and reported for the removal of excess fluoride from water in an effective manner. Some of the widely employed adsorbents are La (III)-Al (III)-activated carbon modified by chemical route [ 21 ], biomaterial functionalized cerium nanocomposite [ 22 ], Quaternized Palm Kernel Shell (QPKS) [ 23 ], bone char and activated alumina [ 24 ], bone char [ 25 ], renewable biowaste [ 26 ], MgFe 2 O 4 –chitosan–CaAl nanohybrid [ 27 ], carbon nanotube composite [ 15 ], Neem Oil-Phenolic Resin Treated Bio-sorbent [ 17 ], etc. However, many of these suffer from either time-consuming synthesis procedure, high processing costs, availability of raw materials, or short lifespan, which makes them impractical to be applied in the rift valleys that are essentially impacted by high fluoride concentration in water [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Rock Materials for Defluoridation of Water in Fixed-Bed Column Systems

2021

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Consumption of drinking water with a high concentration of fluoride (>1.5 mg/L) causes detrimental health problems and is a challenging issue in various regions around the globe. In this study, a continuous fixed-bed column adsorption system was employed for defluoridation of water using volcanic rocks, virgin pumice (VPum) and virgin scoria (VSco), as adsorbents. The XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, XRF, ICP-OES, and pH Point of Zero Charges (pHPZC) analysis were performed for both adsorbents to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms and the suitability for fluoride removal. The effects of particle size of adsorbents, solution pH, and flow rate on the adsorption performance of the column were assessed at room temperature, constant initial concentration, and bed depth. The maximum removal capacity of 110 mg/kg for VPum and 22 mg/kg for VSco were achieved at particle sizes of 0.075–0.425 mm and <0.075 mm, respectively, at a low solution pH (2.00) and flow rate (1.25 mL/min). The fluoride breakthrough occurred late and the treated water volume was higher at a low pH and flow rate for both adsorbents. The Thomas and Adams–Bohart models were utilized and fitted well with the experimental kinetic data and the entire breakthrough curves for both adsorbents. Overall, the results revealed that the developed column is effective in handling water containing excess fluoride. Additional testing of the adsorbents including regeneration options is, however, required to confirm that the defluoridation of groundwater employing volcanic rocks is a safe and sustainable method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Rock Materials for Defluoridation of Water in Fixed-Bed Column Systems

2021

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“…As shown in Figure 2 , the Pb(II) breakthrough curve for bone char was consistent with a previously reported fluoride breakthrough curve. 32 When the initial concentration was high, the Pb(II) transport rate in the column was high, and Pb(II) flowed through the column in a short time. The main reason for the accelerated transport of Pb(II) was the high concentration gradient; at a given seepage rate, the transport rate was controlled by the dispersive mass transfer of Pb(II).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the transport characteristics of Pb(II) in sand-bone char columns

et al. 2021

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Pb(II) leakage from batteries, dyes, construction materials, and gasoline threaten human health and environmental safety, and suitable adsorption materials are vitally important for Pb(II) removal. Bone char is an outstanding adsorbent material for water treatment, and the effectiveness in Pb(II) removing need to be verified. In this paper, the transport characteristics of Pb(II) in columns filled with a sand and bone char mixture were studied at the laboratory scale, and the influences of the initial concentration, column height, inlet flow rate, and competing ion Cu(II) on Pb(II) adsorption and transport were analyzed. The Thomas and Dose-Response models were used to predict the test results, and the mechanisms of Pb(II) adsorption on bone char were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the bone char increased with increasing column height and decreased with increasing initial Pb(II) concentration, flow rate, and Cu(II) concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 38.466 mg/g and the saturation rate was 95.8% at an initial Pb(II) concentration of 200 mg/L, inlet flow rate of 4 mL/min, and column height of 30 cm. In the competitive binary system, the higher the Cu(II) concentration was, the greater the decreases in the breakthrough and termination times, and the faster the decrease in the Pb(II) adsorption capacity of the bone char. The predicted results of the Dose-Response model agreed well with the experimental results and were significantly better than those of the Thomas model. The main mechanisms of Pb(II) adsorption on bone char include a surface complexation reaction and the decomposition-replacement-precipitation of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA). Based on selectivity, sensitivity, and cost analyses, it can be concluded that bone char is a potential adsorbent for Pb(II)-containing wastewater treatment.

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“…Currently, one of the most widely applied carbon-based materials for fluoride removal is bone char (BC), which is considered as a conventional treatment [38] with very good reported removal efficiencies [39] and, in some cases, is considered as a green sorbent [40]. Bone char is a material comprised of carbonated and inorganic materials (70-76% of hydroxyapatite (HAP,Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 )) that has been successfully utilized to decrease the content of fluoride in water [41,42].…”

Section: Carbon-based Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies [29,[43][44][45][46], have reported very high adsorption capacities (i.e., 11.2 mg F − g −1 for Chicken Bone Char (CBC)) [45]. However, the use of bone char and its application for de-fluoridation can be hindered by the traditions and religious attitudes of people (i.e., char derived from cow bones is not tolerable by Hindus and, likewise, pig's bone char is not acceptable by Muslims) [40]. In addition, the use of low-grade bone char adds bad taste and odor to the treated water.…”

Section: Carbon-based Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently Developed Adsorbing Materials for Fluoride Removal from Water and Fluoride Analytical Determination Techniques: A Review

et al. 2021

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In recent years, there has been an increase in public perception of the detrimental side-effects of fluoride to human health due to its effects on teeth and bones. Today, there is a plethora of techniques available for the removal of fluoride from drinking water. Among them, adsorption is a very prospective method because of its handy operation, cost efficiency, and high selectivity. Along with efforts to assist fluoride removal from drinking waters, extensive attention has been also paid to the accurate measurement of fluoride in water. Currently, the analytical methods that are used for fluoride determination can be classified into chromatographic methods (e.g., ionic chromatography), electrochemical methods (e.g., voltammetry, potentiometry, and polarography), spectroscopic methods (e.g., molecular absorption spectrometry), microfluidic analysis (e.g., flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis), titration, and sensors. In this review article, we discuss the available techniques and the ongoing effort for achieving enhanced fluoride removal by applying novel adsorbents such as carbon-based materials (i.e., activated carbon, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and nanostructured materials, combining metals and their oxides or hydroxides as well as natural materials. Emphasis has been given to the use of lanthanum (La) in the modification of materials, both activated carbon and hybrid materials (i.e., La/Mg/Si-AC, La/MA, LaFeO3 NPs), and in the use of MgO nanostructures, which are found to exhibit an adsorption capacity of up to 29,131 mg g−1. The existing analytical methodologies and the current trends in analytical chemistry for fluoride determination in drinking water are also discussed.

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Fixed-Bed Adsorption Comparisons of Bone Char and Activated Alumina for the Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Volcanic Rock Materials for Defluoridation of Water in Fixed-Bed Column Systems

Volcanic Rock Materials for Defluoridation of Water in Fixed-Bed Column Systems

Investigation of the transport characteristics of Pb(II) in sand-bone char columns

Recently Developed Adsorbing Materials for Fluoride Removal from Water and Fluoride Analytical Determination Techniques: A Review

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