Five-axis additive manufacturing of freeform models through buildup of transition layers

Azhar

Journal of Manufacturing Systems

et al. 2021

Highlights In this article, we present an extensive review on the utilization of 3D printing technology in the days of pandamic. We observe that 3D printing together with smart CAD design show promise to overcome the disruption caused by the lockdown of classical manufacturing units specially for medical and testing equipment, and protective gears. We observe that there are several short communications, commentaries, correspondences, editorials and mini reviews compiled and published; however, a systematic state-of-the-art review is required to identify the significance of 3D printing, design for additive manufacturing (AM), and digital supply chain for handling emergency situations and in the post-COVID era. We present a review of various benefits of 3DP particularly in emergency situations such as a pandemic. Furthermore, some relevant iterative design and 3DP case studies are discussed systematically. Finally, this article highlights the areas that can help to control the emergency situation such as a pandemic, and critically discusses the research gaps that need further research in order to exploit the full potential of 3DP in pandemic and post-pandemic future era.

Section: Discussion and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of 3D Printing entangled with smart computer aided design during COVID-19 era

Azhar

Journal of Manufacturing Systems

et al. 2021

“…However, employing an industrial robot is advantageous, where the link and joint motions are already programmed. There are several commercial multi-axis Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) packages for conventional machining, but there is a lack of such for FDM printing (Isa & Lazoglu, 2019). However, sequentially FDM printed parts in discrete build orientations can be re-alized using conventional slicers.…”

Section: Robot-based Fdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Gantry-Based Machine to Robot-Based Fused Deposition Modelling: A State-of-the-Art

Habibi¹,

Ziadia²

2021

Preprint

Over the last decade, a significant literature has emerged that advocates the potential of different Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and printable polymeric materials. Nevertheless, large scale printing and complex geometric shapes, with curvatures and non-planar layer deposition, are a challenging process for the traditional gantry-based machine. The 3 degrees of freedom cartesian configuration restricted their capability to planar layered printing and restricted part dimensions. To date, many researchers have used industrial robots to overcomes this limitation. This review gives the reader a good overview of the FDM technique due to its scalability, cost efficiency and a wide range of material printability. A strong emphasis is laid on the PLA and PLA-based composites as promising materials for the FDM process applications. The second part of this paper links the successful use of these materials in the traditional printing process to large scale printing using the robot-based FDM process. This survey presents representative setups for robot-based AM and works that have been used these setups for non-planar material deposition. Finally, we conclude this paper by identifying opportunities for realizing new functional capabilities by exploiting robot-based AM, and we also present the future trends in this area.

“…The coordinate points on the tangent plane of the model are obtained by the skeleton curve equation and the bottom curve equation. (5) The nozzle direction corresponding to the coordinate point of the model is not along the Z-axis, so the current nozzle direction should be rotated to the direction of the actual printing, and the coordinate point corresponding to the nozzle rotation is the coordinate point of the actual printing. (6) Obtain the actual printed coordinate points and the rotation angle corresponding to the platform, and output G-code.…”

Section: The Path Planning Algorithm Flow For Axial Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jin et al [4] proposed a slicing procedure and corresponding algorithms to determine the extruder path for a theoretical 3-axis machine; their approach could preserve tiny features on the surface by increasing the number of 2 of 19 sampling points around small features, and a B-spline was used to approximate the curved surfaces accurately; however, no real parts were manufactured in their study. By rechecking the path and tool orientation conditions, Isa et al [5] proposed a 5-axis path planning method that considers the contour of a freeform surface to prevent the effect of the staircase effects on hollow and solid components. Ding et al [6] proposed a method based on the medial axis transformation path, planning to generate deposition paths for wire and arc additive manufacturing, which can improve the quality and material efficiency of thin-walled structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Implementation of Axial 3D Printing Method for PLA Pipes

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

Additive manufacturing has been applied in many fields, but its layer-by-layer fabrication process leads to a weak inter-layer bond strength of printed parts, so it cannot meet the higher requirements for mechanical properties of the industry. At present, many researchers are studying the printing path planning method to improve the mechanical properties of printed parts. This paper proposes a method to plan the printing path according to the actual stress of pipe parts, and introduces the realization process of an algorithm in detail, and obtains the printing control G-code. Additionally, a 5-axis material extrusion platform was built to realize the printing of polylactic acid pipes with plane and space skeleton curves, respectively, which verified the feasibility and applicability of the method and the correctness of the planning path with standard material extrusion filaments. Finally, the tensile and bending experiments prove that axial printing enhances the mechanical properties of pipe parts.