Fitness, Acute Exercise, and Anabolic and Catabolic Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis.

Tirakitsoontorn, Pornchai; Nussbaum, Eliezer; Moser, Chuanpit; Hill, Maryann

doi:10.1097/01823246-200213020-00013

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, more recent studies have also identified immunomodulatory effects of regular physical exercise, including reduced susceptibility to viral illness, improved redox balance in the lung, and attenuated inflammatory responses to bacterial products such as LPS . Other studies have demonstrated the converse: brief intense or prolonged vigorous exercise may temporarily increase inflammation in the lung and susceptibility to infection . Therefore, the effects of exercise on pulmonary inflammation may be mixed, and large, well‐designed clinical trials testing this approach to anti‐inflammatory therapy have not been conducted.…”

Section: Promising Approaches Toward Effective and Safe Anti‐inflammamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and its genesis in cystic fibrosis

Nichols

Chmiel

2015

Pediatric Pulmonology

162

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. The host inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease has long been recognized as a central pathological feature and an important therapeutic target. Indeed, many believe that bronchiectasis results largely from the oxidative and proteolytic damage comprised within an exuberant airway inflammatory response that is dominated by neutrophils. In this review, we address the longstanding argument of whether or not the inflammatory response is directly attributable to impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator or only secondary to airway obstruction and chronic bacterial infection and challenge the importance of this distinction in the context of therapy. We also review the centrality of neutrophils in CF lung pathophysiology and highlight more recent data that suggest the importance of other cell types and signaling beyond NF-kB activation. We discuss how protease and redox imbalance are critical factors in CF airway inflammation and end by reviewing some of the more promising therapeutic approaches now under development. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015;50:S39-S56.

show abstract

Section: Promising Approaches Toward Effective and Safe Anti‐inflammamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and its genesis in cystic fibrosis

Nichols

Chmiel

2015

Pediatric Pulmonology

162

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A similar lack of research surrounds the immune effects of exercise in people with chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions. In cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by chronic infection and persistently elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, exercise leads to larger acute increases in IL-6 than observed in controls in both children and adults (56,143). In systemic lupus erythematosis, a systemic autoimmune disease (134), brief exercise leads to abnormal cortisol, prolactin, and CD4ϩ/CD8ϩ T-cell responses (110).…”

Section: Lessons Learned From Dysregulated Immune Responses To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Dangerous exercise: lessons learned from dysregulated inflammatory responses to physical activity

Cooper¹,

Radom‐Aizik²,

Schwindt³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exercise elicits an immunological "danger" type of stress and inflammatory response that, on occasion, becomes dysregulated and detrimental to health. Examples include anaphylaxis, exercise-induced asthma, overuse syndromes, and exacerbation of intercurrent illnesses. In dangerous exercise, the normal balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is upset. A possible pathophysiological mechanism is characterized by the concept of exercise modulation of previously activated leukocytes. In this model, circulating leukocytes are rendered more responsive than normal to the immune stimulus of exercise. For example, in the case of exercise anaphylaxis, food-sensitized immune cells may be relatively innocuous until they are redistributed during exercise from gut-associated circulatory depots, like the spleen, into the central circulation. In the case of asthma, the prior activation of leukocytes may be the result of genetic or environmental factors. In the case of overuse syndromes, the normally short-lived neutrophil may, because of acidosis and hypoxia, inhibit apoptosis and play a role in prolongation of inflammation rather than healing. Dangerous exercise demonstrates that the stress/inflammatory response caused by physical activity is robust and sufficiently powerful, perhaps, to alter subsequent responses. These longer term effects may occur through as yet unexplored mechanisms of immune "tolerance" and/or by a training-associated reduction in the innate immune response to brief exercise. A better understanding of sometimes failed homeostatic physiological systems can lead to new insights with significant implication for clinical translation.

show abstract

“…The work rate was individualized for each child and was calculated to be equivalent to the work rate corresponding to 50% between the ventilatory/lactate threshold (as determined noninvasively from the ramp-type test) and the peak V O2. We have used this protocol in the past to ensure that the exercise input was standardized to physiological indicators of each subject's exercise capacity (42). The total duration of the exercise session is 30 min (20-min cycling interspersed by 10-min resting).…”

Section: Exercise Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced exercise-associated response of the GH-IGF-I axis and catecholamines in obese children and adolescents

Eliakim¹,

Nemet²,

Zaldivar³

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity blunts catecholamine and growth hormone (GH) responses to exercise in adults, but the effect of obesity on these exercise-associated hormonal responses in children is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to asses the effect of childhood obesity on the counterregulatory hormonal response to acute exercise. Twenty-five obese children (Ob; body mass index > 95%), and 25 age, gender, and maturity-matched normal-weight controls (NW) participated in the study. Exercise consisted of ten 2-min bouts of constant-cycle ergometry above the anaerobic threshold, with 1-min rest intervals between each bout. Pre-, post-, and 120-min postexercise blood samples were collected for circulating components of the GH-IGF-I axis and catecholamines. There were no differences in peak exercise heart rate, serum lactate, and peak O2 uptake normalized to lean body mass between the groups. Obesity attenuated the GH response to exercise (8.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.7 ng/ml in NW and Ob participants, respectively; P < 0.02). No significant differences in the response to exercise were found for other components of the GH-IGF-I axis. Obesity attenuated the catecholamine response to exercise (epinephrine: 52.5 +/- 12.7 vs. 18.7 +/- 3.7 pg/ml, P < 0.02; norepinephrine: 479.5 +/- 109.9 vs. 218.0 +/- 26.0 pg/ml, P < 0.04; dopamine: 17.2 +/- 2.9 vs. 3.5 +/- 1.9 pg/ml, P < 0.006 in NW and Ob, respectively). Insulin levels were significantly higher in the obese children and dropped significantly after exercise in both groups. Despite the elevated insulin levels and the blunted counterregulatory response, none of the participants developed hypoglycemia. Childhood obesity was associated with attenuated GH and catecholamine response to acute exercise. These abnormalities were compensated for, so that exercise was not associated with hypoglycemia, despite increased insulin levels in obese children.

show abstract

Fitness, Acute Exercise, and Anabolic and Catabolic Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis.

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Inflammation and its genesis in cystic fibrosis

Inflammation and its genesis in cystic fibrosis

Dangerous exercise: lessons learned from dysregulated inflammatory responses to physical activity

Reduced exercise-associated response of the GH-IGF-I axis and catecholamines in obese children and adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About