Fish Farming Effects on Chemical and Microbial Variables of the Water Column: A Spatio-temporal Study Along the Mediterranean Sea

Pitta, Paraskevi; Apostolaki, Eugenia T.; Tsagaraki, Tatiana M.; Tsapakis, Manolis; Karakassis, Ioannis

doi:10.1007/s10750-005-1593-3

Cited by 65 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Dialysis bags of 500 ml volume (diameter 6.5 cm, molecular weight cut-off of 6 kDa, made from Spectra Por 1 dialysis membrane) were deployed at 0, 30, 80, 200 and 500 m from a fish farm (1000 t annual production of sea bream and sea bass, feeding rate of ca 2000 t of fish feed per year) in Sitia, Crete (east Mediterranean, Fig. 1 (Pitta et al 2006). Sea water used for the experiment was sampled from a reference site, located 1 km upstream of the fish farm, at 1 m depth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Ghost nutrients’ from fish farms are transferred up the food web by phytoplankton grazers

Pitta¹,

Tsapakis²,

Apostolaki³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

100

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Ghost nutrients’ from fish farms are transferred up the food web by phytoplankton grazers

Pitta¹,

Tsapakis²,

Apostolaki³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

100

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“…Mar Ecol Prog Ser 431: [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241] 2011 2003, Islam 2005, Pitta et al 2006), but increased nutrient loading from fish farming may cause such effects on a regional scale (Karakassis et al 2005). Pelagic effects are highly dependent on hydrographic and nutrient status in the farming area.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of coastal fish farming: carbon and nitrogen budgets for trout farming in Kaldbaksfjør7%%FONT_ERR%%ur (Faroe Islands)

Norði¹,

Glud²,

Gaard³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Flow of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen through a sea cage trout farm was calculated on the basis of detailed studies of the farming operation, water circulation, OC and nutrient transport and recycling processes in sediment. A third of the OC and nitrogen provided by fish food was incorporated into fish biomass, which is more than has been found in previous studies. Most OC input was respired by the fish (52 to 70%), and ~63% of the associated nitrogen was lost as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), potentially stimulating pelagic primary production. Approx. 6% of carbon and 5% of nitrogen derived from fish food settled on the seabed, where it was either mineralized or accumulated in the sediment. Based on transect measurements of diagenetic activity, the farm footprint was found to cover an area ~10 times the farm area. OC mineralization in the sediment increased linearly with increasing food input; the divergence between carbon efflux and oxygen uptake in sediment likewise increased with increasing food input, reflecting an increasing level of sediment reduction. Directly below the farm, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) efflux was high (on average 53% of dissolved inorganic carbon efflux), indicating that DOC efflux is an important pathway for benthic carbon release below aquaculture farms. Overall, microbial processes removed 56 and 38% of OC and nitrogen, respectively, that settled to the seabed. During a 39 d break in farming activity, due to the combined effect of mineralization and resuspension of surface sediment, sediment conditions improved considerably. KEY WORDS:Fish farming · Sediment · Organic enrichment · Nutrient enrichment · Organic matter mineralization · Carbon budget · Sedimentation · Benthic recovery Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 431: [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241] 2011 2003, Islam 2005, Pitta et al. 2006), but increased nutrient loading from fish farming may cause such effects on a regional scale (Karakassis et al. 2005). Pelagic effects are highly dependent on hydrographic and nutrient status in the farming area.Models have shown little effect on primary production in a Norwegian fjord (Skogen et al. 2009). However in oligotrophic waters in southern Tasmania, theoretical models indicate significant impact on primary production, especially during summer and autumn when surface waters are otherwise nutrientdepleted (Wild-Allen et al. 2010).Particulate waste products in the form of fish food and faeces quickly sink to the seafloor (Cromey et al. 2002). The sedimentation of organic carbon (OC) below fish farms has been found to be from 4 to 27 times higher than at unaffected sites, declining rapidly with distance from the farm (Hall et al. 1990, Chamberlain & Stucchi 2007, Holmer et al. 2007, Kutti et al. 2007). The high deposition of waste particles in the sediment near aquaculture operations stimulates metabolic activity in the sediment and hence...

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“…Indeed, water column parameters are often not correlated with the extent of benthic impact. This negligible effect in the pelagic system has been attributed to the important diluting effect of the sea (Pitta et al, 2006), to the rapid grazing of planktonic ciliates (Pitta et al, 2009) or to the 6 The analysis of biofilms enables medium term rather than momentary states of the studied ecosystem (Brummer et al, 2003). Therefore, biofilms could provide the "memory" of disturbance that the water column seems to lack.…”

Section: Eliminado: Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm responses to marine fish farm wastes

Sanz‐Lázaro

Navarrete-Mier

Marín

2011

Environmental Pollution

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The structural, trophic and element accumulation changes in the biofilm community due to organic matter enrichment, eutrophication and metal contamination derived from fish farming were studied. The biofilm biomass, polysaccharide content, trophic niche and element accumulation was quantified along an environmental gradient of fish farm wastes in two seasons. Biofilm structure and trophic diversity was influenced by seasonality as well as by the fish farm waste load. Fish farming enhanced the accumulation of organic carbon, nutrients, selenium and metals by the biofilm community. The accumulation pattern of these elements was similar regardless of the structure and trophic niche of the community. This suggests that the biofilm communities can be considered a reliable tool for assessing dissolved aquaculture wastes. Due to the ubiquity of biofilms and its wide range of consumers, its role as a sink of dissolved wastes may have important implications for the transfer of aquaculture wastes to higher trophic levels in coastal systems.

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Fish Farming Effects on Chemical and Microbial Variables of the Water Column: A Spatio-temporal Study Along the Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 65 publications

References 32 publications

‘Ghost nutrients’ from fish farms are transferred up the food web by phytoplankton grazers

‘Ghost nutrients’ from fish farms are transferred up the food web by phytoplankton grazers

Environmental impacts of coastal fish farming: carbon and nitrogen budgets for trout farming in Kaldbaksfjør7%%FONT_ERR%%ur (Faroe Islands)

Biofilm responses to marine fish farm wastes

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