First report of &lt;i&gt;Enterocytozoon&lt;/i&gt; bieneusi and &lt;i&gt;Encephalitozoon intestinalis&lt;/i&gt; infection of wild mice in Slovakia

Danišová, Oľga; Valenčáková, Alexandra; Stanko, Michał; Luptáková, Lenka; Hasajová, Antónia

doi:10.5604/12321966.1152075

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…bieneusi in rodents ( Table 5 ); for instance, the highest infection rate of E . bieneusi was observed in wild small rodents (38.9%) in Poland [ 32 ], followed by 26.8% in wild rodents from New York [ 11 ], 15.3% in beavers in Maryland [ 27 ], 10.7% in wild mice from Czech Republic [ 33 ], 3.6% in chinchillas in China [ 31 ], and 1.0% in wild mice from Slovakia [ 34 ]. The observed infection rate was lower than that reported in Poland and New York City, and it was higher than that estimated in Czech Republic, China, and Slovakia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

Deng

Yu³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen causing diarrhea and enteric disease in a variety of animal hosts. Although it has been reported in many animals, there is no published information available on the occurrence of E. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels. To understand the occurrence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels, 144 fecal specimens from Sichuan province, China, were examined by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of E. bieneusi. The overall infection rate of E. bieneusi 16.7% (24/144) was observed in red-bellied tree squirrels. Altogether five genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified: three known genotypes D (n = 18), EbpC (n = 3), SC02 (n = 1) and two novel genotypes CE01, CE02 (one each). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis employing three microsatellite (MS1, MS3, MS7) and one minisatellite (MS4) revealed 16, 14, 7 and 14 positive specimens were successfully sequenced, and identified eight, three, three and two genotypes at four loci, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, the three known genotypes D, EbpC, and SC02 were clustered into group 1 with zoonotic potential, and the two novel genotypes CE01 and CE02 were clustered into group 6. The present study firstly reported the occurrence of E. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels in China, and the E. bieneusi genotypes D and EbpC were found in humans previously. These results indicate that red-bellied tree squirrels may play a potential role in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

Deng

Yu³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…The prevalence of E. bieneusi was 19.4%, which was similar to that in two recent studies in Sichuan province for E. bieneusi infection rates in red-bellied tree squirrels (16.7%, 24/144) 18 and chipmunks (17.6%, 49/279) 17 . The prevalence of E. bieneusi in rodents ranged from 1.1% to 100% (Table 4) 12,19,[28][29][30] . As proposed in other studies, factors contributing to the prevalence of these pathogens may include the examination method, age, sex, season, host health status, feeding density, sample size, geo-ecological conditions, and living conditions [31][32][33] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in China

Deng

Chai

Luo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are two well-known protist pathogens which can result in diarrhea in humans and animals. To examine the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in pet red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), 314 fecal specimens were collected from red squirrels from four pet shops and owners in Sichuan province, China. Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were examined by nested PCR targeting the partial small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene respectively. The infection rates were 8.6% (27/314) for Cryptosporidium spp. and 19.4% (61/314) for E. bieneusi. Five Cryptosporidium species/genotypes were identified by DNA sequence analysis: Cryptosporidium rat genotype II (n = 8), Cryptosporidium ferret genotype (n = 8), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype III (n = 5), Cryptosporidium rat genotype I (n = 4), and Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 2). Additionally, a total of five E. bieneusi genotypes were revealed, including three known genotypes (D, SCC-2, and SCC-3) and two novel genotypes (RS01 and RS02). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genotype D fell into group 1, whereas the remaining genotypes clustered into group 10. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in pet red squirrels in China. Moreover, C. parvum and genotype D of E. bieneusi, previously identified in humans, were also found in red squirrels, suggesting that red squirrels may give rise to cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in humans through zoonotic transmissions. These results provide preliminary reference data for monitoring Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi infections in pet red squirrels and humans.Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi, causative agents of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis, are two important opportunistic intestinal pathogens that can infect vertebrate and invertebrate, posing a significant threat to public health 1 . Humans are infected with these pathogens mainly via the fecal-oral route with anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission or via food-borne and water-borne transmission 2,3 . Clinical manifestations of infection with these pathogens are often inconsistent due to the variabilities in the health condition of infected hosts 4,5 . In healthy individuals, these pathogens usually cause asymptomatic infection or self-limiting diarrhea 6 . However, infection may also result in chronic or life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, such as patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients who had undergone organ transplantation 7 . In addition to humans, there are a variety of animals that can act as hosts for these two pathogens, including various mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians and insects 8 . Therefore, Cryptosporidium spp. and

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“…Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection has been observed in many types of rodents in previous reports, with prevalence ranging from 1.07% (3/280) to 38.9% (121/311) (Danišová et al. ; Guo et al. ; Penakalapati et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Synanthropic Rodents and Flies in the Transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi on a Dairy Cattle farm in China

Zhao

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi causes microsporidiosis, a condition with complex epidemiology involving both direct and indirect transmission routes. To assess the potential role of synanthropic rodents and flies in the transmission of this pathogen, a total of 277 cattle fecal samples, 199 synanthropic rodents, and 50 batches of 20 flies were collected from a cattle farm. These samples were screened for the presence of E. bieneusi by PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The positive rates of cattle, synanthropic rodents, and flies were 11.9% (33/277), 4.0% (8/199) and 12.0% (6/50), respectively. Nineteen genotypes were identified, including 11 known genotypes (BEB6, I, COS-I, EbpC, D, J, CHS5, CHG1 to CHG3 and CHG14) and eight novel genotypes (named CHC9 to CHC16). The dominant genotype detected in the present study, BEB6, was found in all three categories of hosts. Moreover, human pathogenic genotypes D and EbpC were also observed in both synanthropic rodents and flies. These results demonstrate that synanthropic rodents and flies may act as biological disseminator or mechanical vector in the transmission of microsporidiosis to humans. Efforts should be made to minimize threats from these commensal animals to public health.

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First report of <i>Enterocytozoon</i> bieneusi and <i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i> infection of wild mice in Slovakia

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

First Report of the Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Red-Bellied Tree Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in Sichuan, China

Occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in China

The Potential Role of Synanthropic Rodents and Flies in the Transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi on a Dairy Cattle farm in China

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