First report of <i>Tobacco mild green mosaic virus</i> infecting tomato in Iran

Alishiri, Athar; Rakhshandehroo, Farshad; Zamanizadeh, Hamid Reza

doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2011.023.030

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In our studies, six of 12 cultivars of eggplant were asymptomatic but ELISA positive and another six resistant and ELISA negative. Alishiri et al 43 . have reported TMGMV infecting tomato in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Charudattan,

Hiebert,

Pettersen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundTobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 (TMGMV‐U2) is a registered active ingredient in a bioherbicide to control tropical soda apple (TSA), Solanum viarum, an invasive weed. As required for registration, we developed empirical data on the host‐virus interaction and the virus's host range, survival, spread, and genomic sequence.ResultsTMGMV‐U2 killed TSA plants by causing systemic hypersensitive necrosis (SHN). It elicited local lesions in inoculated leaves which was followed by the plant's wilting and death. It moved from inoculated terminal leaves through the vasculature to roots and then to newly developed leaves. Phloem death was implicated in wilting and plant death. The SHN response was attenuated in plants grown at constant 32 °C. TMGMV‐U2 titer in TSA was low compared to a systemically susceptible tobacco. The virus remained infective for up to 6 mo in infected dead TSA tissues and in soil in which infected plants had grown. Susceptible tobacco and pepper plants grown in soil that previously had infected dead TSA or in soil amended with the virus remained asymptomatic and virus‐free. A susceptible pepper crop grown in a field block following two consecutive crops of TMGMV‐U2‐infected susceptible tobacco grew disease‐free and virus‐free and without yield loss. Purified TMGMV‐U2 was infective for 1 yr when stored at ‐20 °C or 5 °C and for 1 mo at room temperature. No virus spread was found in the field. Genomic analyses confirmed the registered isolate to be a U2 strain and free of satellite TMV. The TMGMV‐U2‐susceptible species preponderantly belonged to the Solanaceae. A few hosts that were killed belonged to this family. Several new hosts to TMGMV‐U2 were found. These data enabled registration of TMGMV‐U2.ConclusionTMGMV‐U2 can be used safely as a bioherbicide without risks to nontarget plants and the environment.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Charudattan,

Hiebert,

Pettersen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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“…Mixed infections of tomato with TMV and TMGMV were only observed in Tehran and Alburz. We have previously reported the occurrence of TMGMV in tomato in Tehran ( Alishiri et al, 2011 ). The low incidence of this virus in Iran may suggest that it is a new pathogen in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Tobacco mosaic virus in Iran and Evolutionary Analyses of the Coat Protein Gene

Alishiri

Rakhshandehroo

Zamanizadeh

et al. 2013

The Plant Pathology Journal

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The incidence and distribution of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and related tobamoviruses was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 1,926 symptomatic horticultural crops and 107 asymptomatic weed samples collected from 78 highly infected fields in the major horticultural crop-producing areas in 17 provinces throughout Iran. The results were confirmed by host range studies and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The overall incidence of infection by these viruses in symptomatic plants was 11.3%. The coat protein (CP) gene sequences of a number of isolates were determined and disclosed to be a high identity (up to 100%) among the Iranian isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of all known TMV CP genes showed three clades on the basis of nucleotide sequences with all Iranian isolates distinctly clustered in clade II. Analysis using the complete CP amino acid sequence showed one clade with two subgroups, IA and IB, with Iranian isolates in both subgroups. The nucleotide diversity within each sub-group was very low, but higher between the two clades. No correlation was found between genetic distance and geographical origin or host species of isolation. Statistical analyses suggested a negative selection and demonstrated the occurrence of gene flow from the isolates in other clades to the Iranian population.

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