First Report of Brucella Seroprevalence in Wild Boar Population in Serbia

Sapundzic, Zorana Zurovac; Žutić, Jadranka; Stević, Nataša; Milićević, Vesna; Radojičić, Marina; Stanojevic, Slavoljub; Radojičić, Sonja

doi:10.3390/vetsci9100575

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…seroprevalence varies widely in different European countries; B. suis is mainly present in wild boars and in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) [60][61][62][63][64]. A global comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis of Brucella in pigs from 2000 to 2020 reported that the overall prevalence of brucellosis in wild boars between 2006 and 2010 was 22.3%, while after 2010, the prevalence gradually decreased after the WOAH proposed control safety standards for animal production [65]. Our study, directly researching the etiological agent, confirmed a low circulation of the disease among the wild boar population in the Emilia-Romagna region, as reported in other Italian regions [66,67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eleven Years of Health Monitoring in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy)

Rossi

Santi

Barsi

et al. 2023

Animals

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In recent years, the growth of wild ungulates has increased the focus on their health monitoring. In particular, the health status of wild boars is relevant for the economic impact on the pig industry. The Emilia-Romagna region activated a wildlife monitoring plan to better evaluate the health status of the wild boar population. Between 2011 and 2021, samples of found dead and hunted wild boar have been examined for trichinellosis, tuberculosis, brucellosis, african swine fever, classical swine fever, Aujeszky’s disease, swine vesicular disease, and swine influenza A. Trichinella britovi was identified in 0.001% of the examined wild boars; neither M. bovis nor M. tuberculosis were found in M. tuberculosis complex positive samples; 2.3% were positive for Brucella suis; 29.4% of the sera were positive for Aujeszky’s disease virus; and 0.9% of the samples were positive for swine influenza A virus. With an uncertain population estimate, the number of animals tested, the number of positives, and the sampling method do not allow us to make many inferences but suggest the need to implement and strengthen the existing surveillance activity, as it seems to be the only viable alternative for safeguarding animal and human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eleven Years of Health Monitoring in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy)

Rossi

Santi

Barsi

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…However, wild boars and domestic pigs continue to be the primary source of infection for ruminants residing in the same areas. Furthermore, the presence of small ruminants and wild animals near humans enhances the danger of disease transmission [ 10 ]. Concerning ruminants, while there is a suggestion that wild ruminants might carry brucellosis and potentially transmit it to domestic animals or humans, the prevailing belief is that these wild animals are more likely to be unintentional hosts of Brucella spp., acquiring the infection from infected livestock, rather than serving as a genuine reservoir of the disease for domestic animals [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild boars ( Sus scrofa ), domestic pigs, and various wildlife species have been identified as reservoirs of B. suis and B. abortus for both livestock and wildlife [ 8 , 9 ]. These species serve as natural hosts for B. suis biovar 2, which raises the possibility of zoonotic transmission to humans, other domestic animals, and domestic pigs, and can result in undiagnosed infections [ 10 ]. Wild boars are natural hosts for B. suis biovar 2, in which the infection passes inapparently, increasing the pathogen transmission risk to domestic pigs, other domestic animals, and humans [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, classical microbiological procedures, such as the isolation of Brucella spp., are rarely used in laboratories due to the required biosafety level 3, the health risk to laboratory personnel, and frequent failures to isolate bacteria. The Rose Bengal test (RBT), the complement fixation test (CFT), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the most commonly used for screening purposes in wildlife [ 10 , 14 , 15 ]. As a more reliable test, ELISA has proven to be valuable for conducting epidemiological serosurveys [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hunting for Answers: Assessing Brucella spp. Seroprevalence and Risks in Red Deer and Wild Boar in Central Portugal

Pires,

Cardoso,

Lopes

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Between 2016 and 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the central region of Portugal in order to better understand the epidemiology and public health risks resulting from the handling and consumption of game animals infected with Brucella spp. The seroprevalence and risk factors for Brucella spp. seropositivity were evaluated. Antibodies against Brucella spp. were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results showed that in the 650 serum samples collected from red deer (n = 298) and wild boars (n = 352) in Portugal, 21.7% (n = 141; 95% CI: 18.6–25.1%) tested positive. Wild boar had a significantly higher prevalence (35.5%; 95% CI: 30.5–40.8%) than red deer (5.4%, 95% CI: 3.1–8.6%; p ≤ 0.001). Risk factors for seropositivity were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. The odds of being seropositive was 8.39 (95% CI: 4.75–14.84; p ≤ 0.001) times higher in wild boar than in red deer. Correlations between sex, age, body condition, and seropositivity could not be observed. The higher seroprevalence in wild boar suggests that this species may primarily contribute to the Brucella spp. ecology in central Portugal.

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“…The diagnosis of brucellosis is generally achieved either directly or indirectly via Brucella isolation or the detection of specific antibodies [ 50 ]. Nevertheless the most reliable method and a gold standard of diagnosis of Brucella is isolation and, then, identification of the bacteria [ 51 ]; its performance is, however, not only time-consuming and difficult but also poses a great infection risk to workers in the laboratory, thus, necessitating specific biosafety procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Study of Brucellosis in Different Animal Species from the Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Almuzaini

2023

Vaccines

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Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial illness that affects humans and a variety of domestic animals, especially ruminants. It is mostly transmitted through the consumption of contaminated drinks, foods, undercooked meat, or unpasteurized milk or contact with infected animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels, sheep, and goat herds in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, using commonly used diagnostic serological procedures such as the Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels, sheep, and goats was determined in the selected areas using a cross-sectional study design and a total of 690 farm animals of both sexes of different ages from the three animal species (274 camels, 227 sheep, and 189 goats). According to RBT results, 65 sera were positive for brucellosis, including 15 (5.47%) for camels, 32 (14.09%) for sheep, and 18 (9.50%) for goats. CFT and c-ELISA were performed as confirmatory tests on positive samples resulting from RBT. With c-ELISA, 60 serum samples were confirmed positive, in 14 (5.10%), 30 (13.21%), and 16 (8.46%) camels, sheep, and goats, respectively. There were 59 serum samples confirmed as positive for CFT, including 14 (5.11%), 29 (12.77%), and 16 (8.46%) for camels, sheep, and goats, respectively. Overall, the highest seroprevalence of brucellosis was found in sheep while the least was found in camels from the three tests (RBT, c-ELISA, and CFT). The highest seroprevalence of brucellosis was found in sheep while the least seroprevalence was found in camels. There was also a higher seroprevalence of brucellosis among female animals than males as well as among old animals than young animals. The study, thus, demonstrates brucellosis seroprevalence among farm animals (camels, sheep, and goats) and the significance of intervention measures against brucellosis incidence in both humans and animals through the creation of public awareness and other relevant policy measures such as livestock vaccination, effective hygiene management, and adequate quarantine or serological analysis for newly introduced animals.

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First Report of Brucella Seroprevalence in Wild Boar Population in Serbia

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Eleven Years of Health Monitoring in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy)

Eleven Years of Health Monitoring in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy)

Hunting for Answers: Assessing Brucella spp. Seroprevalence and Risks in Red Deer and Wild Boar in Central Portugal

An Epidemiological Study of Brucellosis in Different Animal Species from the Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

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