“…Another problem with classical taxonomy in sand flies is the occurrence of anomalies, which are generally observed in paired morphological structures (bilateral or unilateral anomalies). The occurrence of anomalies in the male genitalia (gonostyles, parameres and epandrial lobes), female genitalia (spermathecae) and in the cibarium (female) has been reported for different species of sand flies [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”