First Record of Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer and Diversity of Species within the Schultzei Group of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges in Senegal

Bakhoum, Mame Thierno; Fall, Moussa; Fall, Assane Guèye; Bellis, Glenn; Gottlieb, Yuval; Labuschagne, Karien; Venter, Gert J.; Diop, Mariame; Mall, Iba; Seck, Momar Talla; Allene, Xavier; Diarra, Maryam; Gardès, Laëtitia; Bouyer, Jérémy; Delecolle, Jean Claude; Balenghien, Thomas; Garros, Claire

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084316

Cited by 40 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…enderleini (Schultzei group) is also reported in the Afrotropical region and largely dominant in West Africa (Cornet and Brunhes, 1994). This species was recently presented associated with horses in Senegal (Bakhoum et al, 2013;Diarra et al, 2014), has also been recorded in Gambia (Rawlings et al, 1998), in Sudan (Mellor et al, 1984), and is commonly reported in South Africa (Labuschagne et al, 2007;Venter et al, 1996Venter et al, , 2009, Madagascar (Augot et al, 2013), and Zimbabwe (Musuka et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…bolitinos is present in Senegal (Bakhoum et al, 2013;Diarra et al, 2014), Zimbabwe (Musuka et al, 2001), and Madagascar (Augot et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 sequences from C. enderleini populations from Madagascar (Augot et al, 2013), Senegal and South Africa (Bakhoum et al, 2013) [accession numbers: KF186429-KF186431; KF682478-KF682479; KF682471-KF682477], C. imicola populations from Israel, South Africa (Dallas et al, 2003;Linton et al, 2002) and Spain (Calvo et al, 2009) [accession numbers: AF078098-AF078100; AF080531-AF080532, AF080534-AF080535; AF069231, AF069233; DQ868883-DQ868892, DQ868884], C. bolitinos, Meiswinkel (1989), populations from South Africa (Bellis et al, 2014;Linton et al, 2002) [accession numbers: KJ162961-KJ162962; AF071928-AF071931], and C. brevitarsis populations from China, Solomon islands and East Timor (Bellis et al, 2014) [accession numbers: KJ162966-KJ162973] were used in the dataset. No COI sequences for C. grahamii or C. kibatiensis Goetghebuer, 1935 were available in the Genbank database.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island, Indian Ocean

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…bolitinos is present in Senegal (Bakhoum et al, 2013;Diarra et al, 2014), Zimbabwe (Musuka et al, 2001), and Madagascar (Augot et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island, Indian Ocean

et al. 2015

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“…One difficulty as presented by some studies where CO1 sequencing and, perhaps, that of another gene or two is used as a phylogenetic tool is that they often concern relatively small groups of morphologically similar species such as species groups of Culicoides (Ander et al, 2013;Bakhoum et al, 2013;Bellis et al, 2014;Harrup et al, 2016;Muñoz-Muñoz et al, 2014;Pagès et al, 2009;Sarvašová, et al, 2017;Talavera et al, 2017;Tay et al, 2016). Morphologically-based synapomorphies are less likely to be evident (or present) in such similar species groups.…”

Section: Genomes Vs Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

The State of Phylogenetic Analysis: Narrow Visions and Simple Answers—Examples from the Diptera (flies)

Borkent

2018

Zootaxa

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The order Diptera is remarkably diverse, not only in species but in morphological variation in every life stage, making them excellent candidates for phylogenetic analysis. Such analysis has been hampered by methods that have severely restricted character state interpretation. Morphological-based phylogenies should be based on a deep understanding of the morphology, development and function of character states, and have extensive outgroup comparisons made to determine their polarity. Character states clearly vary in their value for determining phylogenetic relationships and this needs to be studied and utilized. Characters themselves need more explicit discussion, including how some may be developmentally or functionally related to other characters (and potentially not independent indicators of genealogical relationship). The current practice by many, of filling a matrix with poorly understood character states and highly limited outgroup comparisons, is unacceptable if the results are to be a valid reflection of the actual history of the group.Parsimony analysis is not an objective interpretation of phylogenetic relationships when all characters are treated as equal in value. Exact mathematical values applied to characters are entirely arbitrary and are generally used to produce a phylogeny that the author considers as reasonable. Mathematical appraisal of a given node is similarly inconsequential because characters do not have an intrinsic mathematical value. Bremer support, for example, provides values that have no biological reality but provide the pretence of objectivity. Cladists need to focus their attention on testing the validity of each synapomorphy proposed, as the basis for all further phylogenetic interpretation, rather than the testing of differing phylogenies through various comparative programs.Current phylogenetic analyses have come to increasingly depend on DNA sequence-based characters, in spite of their tumultuous history of inconsistent results. Until such time as sequences can be shown to produce predictive phylogenies (i.e., using Hennigian logic), independent of morphological analysis, they should be viewed with caution and certainly not as a panacea as they are commonly portrayed.The purported comprehensive analyses of phylogenetic relationships between families of Diptera by Wiegmann et al. (2011) andLambkin et al. (2013) have serious flaws and cannot be considered as the "Periodic Table" of such relationships as originally heralded.Systematists working on Diptera have a plethora of complex and informative morphological synapomorphies in every life stage, either described or awaiting study. Many lineages have the potential of providing a wealth of evolutionary stories to share with other biologists if we produce stable phylogenies based on weighted synapomorphies and interpreted to elucidate the zoogeographic and bionomic divergence of the group. Some lineages are devoid of convincing synapomorphies and, in spite of our desires, should be recognized as being largely uninterpretab...

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“…The scarcity of data on Culicoides taxonomy in Western Africa also complicates identification. Several PCR-based tests were developed for the identification of Culicoides spp., and these tests target the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) or the rRNA genes, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) or 2 (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Biology Techniques for Identification of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges in Senegal

et al. 2015

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Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are implicated as vectors for a wide variety of pathogens. The morphological identification of these arthropods may be difficult because of a lack of detailed investigation of taxonomy for this species in Africa. However, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization؊time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling is efficient for arthropod identification at the species level. This study established a spectrum database of Culicoides spp. from Senegal using MALDI-TOF. Identification of Culicoides insects to the species level before mass spectrometry was performed on the basis of morphological characters. MALDI-TOF MS reference spectra were determined for 437 field-caught Culicoides of 10 species. The protein profiles of all tested Culicoides revealed several peaks with mass ranges of 2 to 20 kDa. In a validation study, 72 Culicoides specimens in the target species were correctly identified at the species level with a similarity of 95 to 99.9%. Four Culicoides protein profiles were misidentified. Nevertheless, six SuperSpectra (C. imicola, C. enderleini, C. oxystoma, C. kingi, C. magnus, and C. fulvithorax) were created. Abdomens of midges were used to amplify and sequence a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). The results obtained using the MALDI-TOF MS method were consistent with the morphological identification and similar to the genetic identification. Protein profiling using MALDI-TOF is an efficient approach for the identification of Culicoides spp., and it is economically advantageous for approaches that require detailed and quantitative information of vector species that are collected in field. The database of African Culicoides MS spectra created is the first database in Africa. The COI sequences of five Culicoides species that were previously noncharacterized using molecular methods were deposited in GenBank. Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are among the smallest hematophagous insects, and they can be a nuisance to humans and animals (1). These insects are implicated as vectors for a wide variety of viruses, such as bluetongue virus (2), African horse sickness virus (3), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (4), the Schmallenberg virus that recently emerged in Europe (5-7), Toggenburg orbivirus (8), and the Oropouche virus (9), which is the only human virus transmitted by Culicoides. Additionally, biting midges are involved in the transmission of various human filarial parasites, such as Mansonella perstans (10-13), Mansonella streptocerca, Mansonella ozzardi, and Mansonella rodhaini (14). Recently, Leishmania spp. and Leishmania infantum were detected in Culicoides imicola and Culicoides spp. (15).Vector identification is an important step in the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Information on the major vector species may provide a clearer indication of the geographic distribution of the disease or its potential distribution, the location of danger points for high risks of contact with the vector, and access to alternative...

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First Record of Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer and Diversity of Species within the Schultzei Group of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges in Senegal

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island, Indian Ocean

First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island, Indian Ocean

The State of Phylogenetic Analysis: Narrow Visions and Simple Answers—Examples from the Diptera (flies)

Comparison of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Biology Techniques for Identification of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges in Senegal

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