First phytoplankton community assessment of the Kong Håkon VII Hav, Southern Ocean during austral autumn

Abstract

Abstract. We studied phyto- and protozooplankton community composition based on light microscopy, flow cytometry and photosynthetic pigment data in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during March 2019 (early austral autumn). Sampling was focused on the area east of the prime meridian in the Kong Håkon VII Hav, including Astrid Ridge, Maud Rise and a south-north transect at 6° E. Phytoplankton community composition throughout the studied area was characterized by oceanic diatoms typical of the iron-deplete High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll (HNLC) Southern Ocean. Topography and wind-driven iron supply likely sustained blooms dominated by the centric diatom Chaetoceros dichaeta at Maud Rise and at a station north of the 6° E transect. For the remainder of the 6° E transect diatom composition was similar to the previously mentioned bloom stations but flagellates dominated in abundance suggesting a post-bloom situation and likely top-down control by krill on the bloom-forming diatoms. Among flagellates, species with haptophyte-type pigments were the dominating group. At Astrid Ridge, overall abundances were lower and pennate were more numerous than centric diatoms, but the community composition was nevertheless typical for HNLC areas. The observations described here show that C. dichaeta can form blooms beyond the background biomass level and fuels both carbon export and upper trophic levels also within HNLC areas. This study is the first thorough assessment of phytoplankton communities in this region and can be compared to other seasons in future studies.

Large contribution of the sea-ice zone to Southern Ocean carbon export revealed by BGC-Argo floats

“…The sea-ice retreat at the SIZ-PAZ boundaries triggers ice edge blooms (Lancelot et al, 1993;Smith & Nelson, 1985). Ship-based studies have reported enhanced levels of chl-a just north of the ice edge in early December, where large diatoms are abundant in the southern PAZ, while small pennate diatoms and Phaeocystis dominate in the SIZ (Kauko et al, 2022;Landry et al, 2002). Although the SIZ shows higher values of POC (Fig.…”