First evidence of polychaete intermediate hosts for Neospirorchis spp. marine turtle blood flukes (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae)

Buron, Isaure de; Colon, Beatrice L.; Siegel, Sasha V.; Oberstaller, Jenna; Rivero, Andrea; Kyle, Dennis E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.08.002

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Although it appears that the risk of spirorchiid infection in the Tyrrhenian is lower than in the Adriatic, and a general trend suggests that the risk of infection in the Mediterranean Sea is lower than in other geographical areas [2], a systematic monitoring to evaluate the progress of the infection is recommended, as well as studies on the occurrence and distribution of spirorchiid species from other Mediterranean areas. Studies are currently under way to identify, according to its poorly known life cycle [21][22][23], which invertebrate species are acting as intermediate hosts for these parasites in the Mediterranean. Finally, genetic variability of the spirorchiid species isolated in the Mediterranean and Western Atlantic should be thoroughly examined and compared to evaluate the possible dissemination of blood flukes among the two marine basins following migratory pathways of sea turtles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rugulosus [22]. Finally, during a recent survey of blood fluke larvae in polychaetes on the coast of South Carolina (USA), spirorchiid-like cercariae belonging to Neospirorchis Neogen-13 and Neospirorchis Neogen-14 (known to infect green turtles) were found to infect the polychaetes Amphitrite ornata (Terebellidae) and Enoplobranchus sanguineus (Polycirridae) [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy

et al. 2020

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Background: The Spirorchiidae is a family of blood flukes parasitizing turtles. Spirorchiids may cause a wide range of inflammatory reactions in the vascular system of their host being frequently implicated with stranding and death of sea turtles worldwide. Recent studies revealed the presence of two spirorchiid species in the Mediterranean basin. Our study presents comparative epidemiological data of spirorchiid infections in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded during an eight-year period from Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas, and the first report of Neospirorchis Neogen-11 in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Methods:We screened a total of 319 carcasses of loggerhead turtles stranded from January 2011 to December 2018 along the Tyrrhenian coast (n = 111) and the north-western Adriatic coast (n = 208) of Italy using traditional (copromicroscopy and histopathology) and molecular assays. Three green turtles from the Tyrrhenian coast were also included in the study. Results:A total of 56 (17.5%) loggerhead turtles and one green turtle (33.3%) were found to be infected with spirorchiid flukes. Amplification, sequencing of the ITS2 region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and BLAST analysis confirmed the presence of Hapalotrema mistroides and Neospirorchis Neogen-11 in 51 (16.0%) and 24 (7.5%) loggerhead turtles, respectively, and Neospirorchis Neogen-11 in an infected green turtle. Differences in prevalence of infection between the two sampling areas were found. Conclusions:The risk of spirorchiid infection in the Tyrrhenian Sea is lower than in the Adriatic Sea and in general the risk of infection in the Mediterranean is lower than in other geographical locations. Differences in the prevalence of infection between the two sampling areas were related to the differences of regional habitats supporting different abundance of spirorchiid intermediate hosts. A systematic monitoring to evaluate the progress of the infection is recommended, as well as studies on the occurrence and distribution of spirorchiid species from other Mediterranean areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy

et al. 2020

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“…Køie (1982) re-described it based on Martin's type material and determined that Martin (1952) misinterpreted the intestinal anlage as a ventral sucker. Based on Martin's (1952) description and without examining museum materials nor citing Køie (1982), de Buron et al (2018) concluded that C. hartmanae was a turtle blood fluke because Martin's (1952) description included ventral sucker present. Based on Køie (1982) re-description, C. hartmanae is likely not a turtle blood fluke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myliobaticola sp.) in de Buron et al (2018), who mistook Cribb et al (2017) as having elucidated a life cycle for a chondrichthyan blood fluke. If those cercariae are eventually revealed to mature in chondrichthyans, then all chondrichthyan blood fluke sequences are monophyletic (Cribb et al, 2017; Warren et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First elucidation of a blood fluke (Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) life cycle including a chondrichthyan or bivalve

Warren

Bullard

2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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We describe a new fish blood fluke (Digenea: Aporocotylidae: Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) and its life cycle in the intertidal zone adjacent to Mobile Bay (north-central Gulf of Mexico). This is the first elucidated aporocotylid life cycle that includes a chondrichthyan definitive host or a bivalve intermediate host. The new species undergoes asexual reproduction within the gonad of the variable coquina clam before maturing in the heart of the lesser electric ray. These adults and cercariae had identical 28S, 18S, and ITS2 nucleotide sequences. The new genus is similar to Ogawaia Cutmor et al., 2018 by having an inverse U-shaped intestine, a looping testis, and a uterus having distinct ascending and descending segments. It differs by having a body that is ≥ 30 × longer than wide, a testis with >30 curves, an obvious cirrus sac enveloping an extremely elongate cirrus, an ovary anterior to the seminal vesicle, and a post-gonadal uterus. The new species further differs from the type species of Ogawaia (Ogawaia glaucostegi Cutmore et al., 2018) by having a massive seminal vesicle (>10% of body length), a cirrus sac enveloping an extremely elongate cirrus, and a slightly sinuous uterus. Histology confirmed gametogenesis in an infected coquina clam but no discernible cellular response to infection was observed. We also i) characterize a second morphologically and genetically distinct cercaria (perhaps representing an innominate chondrichthyan aporocotylid) infecting the green jackknife clam in Mississippi Sound (north-central Gulf of Mexico), ii) compare all known aporocotylid cercariae infecting estuarine and marine mollusks and polychaetes and iii) provide a key to identify those cercariae. A phylogenetic analysis including nucleotide sequences from adult and cercarial specimens of the newly collected fish blood flukes further supports the notion that chondrichthyan aporocotylids are monophyletic and use bivalves as the first intermediate host; perhaps unlike any other blood fluke lineage.

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“…Schistosomes and most spirorchiids utilize gastropods as intermediate hosts (e.g. Brant et al, 2006; Cribb et al, 2017a; see de Buron et al, 2018 for evidence of spirorchiids using a polychaete intermediate host), while aporocotylids of actinopterygians exploit freshwater gastropods (e.g. Evans and Heckmann, 1973; Schell, 1974; Kirk and Lewis, 1993) and marine terebellid polychaetes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of a ‘fish’ blood fluke (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) from a marine mammal: Cardicola dhangali n. sp.

Hutson

Vaughan

Blair

2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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We describe the first known blood fluke from a marine mammal, the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugongidae), which represents a new species of aporocotylid, Cardicola dhangali n. sp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae). Eggs presumed to be of blood flukes have been previously reported from dugongs. This exciting discovery raises questions regarding evolution and host-switching in the Aporocotylidae, which prior to this study were only known to infect actinopterygian and chondrichthyan fishes. The new species has male and female genital pores opening on the right side of the body, with the male genital pore opening posterior to the entire reproductive system and the testis is extra-caecal. The uterus is highly convoluted, and the ovary is irregularly lobate. These features, together with the size and number of the tegumental spines per row, easily distinguish the new species from the most similar congeners Cardicola aurata Holzer et al., 2008, Cardicola chaetodontis Yamaguti, 1970, Cardicola currani Bullard and Overstreet, 2004, Cardicola forsteri Cribb et al., 2000, C. jiingurru Yong et al., 2016, and Cardicola palmeri Bullard and Overstreet, 2004, all of which infect actinopterygian fishes. Given that Cardicola is the most diverse and least host-specific of the marine aporoctoylid genera, it seems credible that a successful host-switch has occurred from an actinopterygian to D. dugon . Further sampling of sirenians and other marine mammals is warranted to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary biology and biodiversity of the blood flukes (superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles and Hassall, 1898), but presents a substantial challenge with respect to their conservation status and large size.

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First evidence of polychaete intermediate hosts for Neospirorchis spp. marine turtle blood flukes (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae)

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy

Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy

First elucidation of a blood fluke (Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) life cycle including a chondrichthyan or bivalve

First record of a ‘fish’ blood fluke (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) from a marine mammal: Cardicola dhangali n. sp.

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