First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Melyridae(Coleoptera, Cleroidea): Genome Description and Phylogenetic Implications

Abstract

To explore the characteristics of the mitogenome of Melyridae and reveal phylogenetic relationships, the mitogenome of Cordylepherus sp. was sequenced and annotated. This is the first time a complete mitochondrial genome has been generated in this family. Consistent with previous observations of Cleroidea species, the mitogenome of Cordylepherus sp. is highly conserved in gene size, organization and codon usage, and secondary structures of tRNAs. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with the standard start codon ATN, except ND1, which starts with TTG, and terminate with the complete stop codons of TAA and TAG, or incomplete forms, TA- and T-. Most tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structure, except trnS1 (Ser, AGN), whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm is reduced. In the A+T-rich region, three types of tandem repeat sequence units are found, including a 115 bp sequence tandemly repeated twice, a 16 bp sequence tandemly repeated three times with a partial third repeat and a 10 bp sequence tandemly repeated seven times. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 protein-coding genes by both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods suggest that Melyridae sensu lato is polyphyletic, and Dasytinae and Malchiinae are supported as independent families.

The first complete mitochondrial genome ofSphaeniscus atilius(Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and implications for the phylogenetic relationships of Tephritidae

“…As in other insects, most tRNA genes in S. atilius could be folded into the typical clover-leaf secondary structure, while trnS1 lacked the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm and trnT lacked the TΨC arm. This feature of trnS1 has been observed in many other insect mitogenomes [21,42,44,47,54]. In addition, 14 wobble base pairs (G-U) and observed.…”

“…For example, the longest overlaps were found between atp8 and atp6 in B. carambolae [22], and between nad2 and trnW, and between trnS1 and trnE in S. atilius. Most of the gene overlaps occurred in tRNA genes, possibly due to the lower evolutionary constraints of these genes [44].…”

Comparative Mitogenomics and Phylogenetic Analyses of Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

“…Furthermore, all 55 mitogenomes displayed a strong AT nucleotide bias with the A + T content ranging from 67.2% ( Scoparipes salvazai ) to 78.4% ( Gonopsis affinis ). A positive AT skew (i.e., 0.069 to 0.251) and a negative GC skew (i.e., −0.255 to −0.100) were observed in all 55 Pentatomoidea species, which are common in insect mitogenomes [ 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

“…Furthermore, all 55 mitogenomes displayed a strong AT nucleotide bias with the A + T content ranging from 67.2% (Scoparipes salvazai) to 78.4% (Gonopsis affinis). A positive AT skew (i.e., 0.069 to 0.251) and a negative GC skew (i.e., −0.255 to −0.100) were observed in all 55 Pentatomoidea species, which are common in insect mitogenomes [45][46][47]. Most PCGs began with a typical ATN codon (i.e., ATA/ATT/ATG/ATC), while the start codon of COI was TTG in all pentatomoid species, and a small number of start codons were GTG in ATP8 and ATP6.…”

A Mitochondrial Genome Phylogeny of Cleridae (Coleoptera, Cleroidea)

“…The one sequence available in the GenBank was not included in the analyses due to possible misidentification [41]. Two species of Dasytinae in Melyridae sensu lato were chosen as the outgroups [60,61]. To test the impact of the third codon position of the PCGs and gene combination types on the phylogenetic analysis, four datasets were concatenated: (i) the first and second codon positions of 13 PCGs (PCG12); (ii) all three codon positions of PCGs (PCG); (iii) all PCGs and rRNAs (PCGrRNA); (iv) all PCGs, rRNAs and tRNAs (PCGRNA).…”