Fingerprinting, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cyclooxygenase and Metabolic Enzymes Inhibitory Characteristic Evaluations of Stachys viticina Boiss. Essential Oil

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to assess the in-vitro, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, metabolic enzymes and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory properties of essential oil (EO) of Stachys viticina Boiss. leaves. The S. viticina EO was isolated and identified using microwave-ultrasonic and GC-MS techniques, respectively. Fifty-two compounds were identified, of which endo-borneol was the major component, followed by eucalyptol and epizonarene. The EO was evaluated against a panel of in-vitro bioassays. The EO displayed antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Epidermophyton floccosum, with MIC values of 0.039, 0.078 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The EO exhibited cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and Colo-205 (colon) cancer cell lines with percentages of inhibition of 95% and 90%, for EO concentrations of 1.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, it showed metabolic enzyme (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) inhibitory (IC50 = 45.22 ± 1.1, 63.09 ± 0.26, 501.18 ± 0.38 µg/mL, respectively) and antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 19.95 ± 2.08 µg/mL. Moreover, the S. viticina EO showed high cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively, similar to those of the positive control (the NSAID etodolac). Outcomes amassed from this investigation illustrate that S. viticina EO represents a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules which can be further validated and explored clinically for its therapeutic potential and for the development and design of new natural therapeutic preparations.

Anticancer, Free Radicals, and Digestive Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Rubus sanctus Schreb Root Four Solvent Fractions

“…One of the methods to lower postprandial hyperglycemia, one of the leading clinical goals to control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, is to reduce glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract by repressing the enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, such as pancreatic α-amylase, which cleaves the α-(1-4) glycosidic bond of amylum yield maltotriose, maltose, and glucose [38].…”

Glechoma curviflora Volatile Oil from Palestine: Chemical Composition and Neuroprotective, Antimicrobial, and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Activities

“…Cyclooxygenases (COX), known as prostaglandin H 2 synthases, catalyze the first phase in the biosynthesis of the Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes [ 37 ]. Most of the commonly used NSAIDs have various harmful side effects including ringing in the ear, heartburn, stomach pain, hemorrhage, dizziness, headaches, allergic reactions, kidney or liver problems, hyperglycemia, and high blood pressure [ 38 ].…”

Phytochemical Profile, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Fresh and Air-Dried Satureja nabateorum Essential Oils

“…The antioxidant activity of the two EOs was assessed based on their ability to scavenge the free radical diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) [ 1 ]. A stock solution (1 mg/mL) was prepared from S. nabateorum EOs by dissolving 100 mg of each EO in methanol (100 mL), of which serial dilutions to obtain different concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL) was made.…”

“…Some of these characteristics are attributed to essential oils (EOs), which are produced as plant secondary metabolites. The bulk of essential oils are composed of terpenes, but they also include non-terpene components such as aldehydes, alcohols, esters, phenols, ethers, and ketones [ 1 ]. Whose physical purpose is to protect plants against bacteria, fungus, viruses, insects, and even herbivores by reducing their appetite for these plants [ 2 ].…”