Fines migration and permeability decline during reservoir depletion coupled with clay swelling due to low-salinity water injection: An analytical study

Tangparitkul, Suparit; Saul, Alexander; Leelasukseree, Cheowchan; Yusuf, Muhammad; Kalantariasl, Azim

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107448

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…During early research studies and to date, a single fine particle of spherical shape on a sand grain flat surface (sphere–plate model) has been extensively used for the calculation of DLVO interactions because of the simplicity of the approach. ,,,,,− A few researchers have utilized a plate–plate model for the quantification of interaction energies. , The single sphere model can be accurately used for synthetic fines and glass bead configurations, but when it comes to natural kaolinite and sand grain configurations, it can provide erroneous results because natural kaolinite has a platelet structure and must be modeled with a kaolinite platelets–IT plate model. In some studies during the last few years, ,,− clustered fine particles’ detachment and combined movement were assumed instead of a single fine particle model.…”

Section: Fine–brine–rock Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water injection operations into sandstone and carbonate reservoirs performed by reducing the salinity and tuning the ionic composition are a promising and evolving technology to maximize oil recovery, primarily by modifying the wettability of the crude–brine–rock system. − During the aforementioned process of waterflooding, the salinity, chemistry, and injection rate of injected brine play a vital role in altering the rock wettability and changing the surface forces between fines and sand grains in sandstone reservoirs, which affect the efficiency of the procedure. ,− Fine particles can detach, become suspended in the injected fluid, and form a colloidal system in the reservoir because of the alteration of attractive and repulsive surface forces; while they move with the injected fluid/brine, they may block the pore throats. This phenomenon is referred to as straining: it blocks already open pores and results in formation damage, with a substantial decline in formation permeability, ,− as shown in Figure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine Migration Control in Sandstones: Surface Force Analysis and Application of DLVO Theory

2020

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Formation damage caused by fine migration and straining is a well-documented phenomenon in sandstone reservoirs. Fine migration and the associated permeability decline have been observed in various experimental studies, and this phenomenon has been broadly explained by the analysis of surface forces between fines and sand grains. The Derjaguin−Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (DLVO) theory is a useful tool to help understand and model the fine release, migration, and control phenomena within porous media by quantifying the total interaction energy of the fine−brine−rock (FBR) system. Fine migration is mainly caused by changes in the attractive and repulsive surface forces, which are triggered by mud invasion during drilling activity, the utilization of completion fluid, acidizing treatment, and water injection into the reservoir during secondary and tertiary recovery operations. Increasing pH and decreasing water salinity collectively affect the attractive and repulsive forces and, at a specific value of pH, and critical salt concentration (CSC), the total interaction energy of the FBR system (V T ) shifts from negative to positive, indicating the initiation of fine release. Maintaining the system pH, setting the salinity above the CSC, tuning the ionic composition of injected water, and using nanoparticles (NPs) are practical options to control fine migration. DLVO modeling elucidates the total interaction energy between fines and sand grains based on the calculation of surface forces of the system. In this context, zeta potential is an important indicator of an increase or decrease in repulsive forces. Using available data, two correlations have been developed to calculate the zeta potential for sandstone reservoirs in high-and low-salinity environments and validated with experimental values. Based on surface force analysis, the CSC is predicted by the DLVO model; it is in close agreement with the experimental value from the literature. The critical pH value is also estimated for alkaline flooding. Model results confirm that the application of NPs and the presence of divalent ions increase the attractive force and help to mitigate the fine migration problem. Hence, a new insight into the analysis of quantified surface forces is presented in current research work by the practical application of the DLVO theory to model fine migration initiation under the influence of injection water chemistry.

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Section: Fine–brine–rock Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Migration Control in Sandstones: Surface Force Analysis and Application of DLVO Theory

2020

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“…Water-shale interaction can alter the permeability dramatically by the generation of fractures [12,24,25], particle detachment [11,12], plugging of flow channels [26], and pore spaces [6], as well as water blocking [24]. We review previous works on the effect of water-shale interaction on permeability change in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Generation of Fractures and Change of Permeability due to Water-Shale Interaction in Shales

et al. 2022

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In shale development, water-based liquids are injected into the formations. In this process, water can interact with shales, especially with clay content. The interaction can lead to some phenomena, including clay swelling, reduction of mechanical properties of shales and fractures, generation and propagation of fractures, particle detachment, and permeability change. All the phenomena can impact productivity during the development, thereby impacting our investment and return on investment (ROI). So far, many researchers have put their time and efforts into this topic, and many articles have been published. However, some discrepancies still exist in shale reservoirs regarding the role of the interaction between water and shale, especially the impact of clay swelling. Some believe that clay swelling causes formation damage, mainly impairing shale permeability. Others state that fractures can be induced because of clay swelling, leading to the enhancement of shale permeability. So far, few articles have reviewed the various views on this interaction. Additionally, the relationship between each phenomenon is not discussed. In this paper, we try to draw a clear picture of water-shale interaction by reviewing the published studies, mainly focusing on experimental methodology and experimental results. Based on the review, we summarized the influencing factors as well as the mechanisms about the formation of fractures and change of permeability due to water-shale interaction. In water-shale interaction, the induced fractures are generated by the combined effects from clay swelling, reduction of mechanical properties of shales and fractures, and stress anisotropy. Shale permeability can be enhanced if the generated fractures can form an effective flow channel. However, if the generated fractures cannot serve as an effective flow channel, shale permeability will be impaired by clay swelling, water blocking, stress-sensitive, etc.

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“…Third, this change may cause reservoir damage through a reaction between water-sensitive minerals, formation water, and fine particle migration that may reduce the flow area of the channel, resulting in a decrease in permeability. 28 , 29 Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the production of formation water to prolong the service life of the well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the flow path changes from unidirectional flow to multiphase flow, its sand-carrying capacity increases, resulting in more solid particles being carried into the wellbore. Third, this change may cause reservoir damage through a reaction between water-sensitive minerals, formation water, and fine particle migration that may reduce the flow area of the channel, resulting in a decrease in permeability. , Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the production of formation water to prolong the service life of the well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Water Blocking Capacity and Influencing Factors of Hydrophobic Gravel Beds

et al. 2021

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Excess water production is a common and extremely serious problem during the process of reservoir development, especially in the middle and later stages of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. High water content ratios will negatively affect the recovery efficiency and equipment safety of oil and gas wells. In this study, a hydrophobic quartz sand proppant was prepared with 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for gravel packing technology. The capillary resistance of hydrophobic quartz sand beds to water was used to achieve water inhibition and oil enhancement. Then, a theoretical capillary bundle model of a quartz sand bed was developed to predict the capillary resistance and water blocking capacity of the quartz sand bed. An evaluation of the experiment results shows that the activation index is up to 96% and the water contact angle is up to 151° after treatment by 0.6 wt % HMDS, which indicates that the quartz sand after modification has strong hydrophobicity. The calculation results demonstrate that the capillary resistance (CR) and the water blocking capacity (WBC) decrease with increasing quartz sand particle size and porosity of the quartz sand bed. As the water contact angle increases, the CR and WBC are also increased. In addition, to make the WBC of hydrophobic quartz sand bed δ > 20%, the parameters of the quartz sand bed must be satisfied: particle size d g < 50 μm, porosity ϕ < 30%, water contact angle θ > 150°, and production pressure difference Δ p < 1 MPa. The results of this study could provide theoretical guidance for the construction parameters of hydrophobic gravel packing in high water-cut oil and gas fields.

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Fines migration and permeability decline during reservoir depletion coupled with clay swelling due to low-salinity water injection: An analytical study

Cited by 37 publications

References 71 publications

Fine Migration Control in Sandstones: Surface Force Analysis and Application of DLVO Theory

Fine Migration Control in Sandstones: Surface Force Analysis and Application of DLVO Theory

Review of the Generation of Fractures and Change of Permeability due to Water-Shale Interaction in Shales

Study on the Water Blocking Capacity and Influencing Factors of Hydrophobic Gravel Beds

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