2005
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506042102
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Abstract: We find that extreme temperature and precipitation events are likely to respond substantially to anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse forcing and that fine-scale climate system modifiers are likely to play a critical role in the net response. At present, such events impact a wide variety of natural and human systems, and future changes in their frequency and͞or magnitude could have dramatic ecological, economic, and sociological consequences. Our results indicate that fine-scale snow albedo effects influence … Show more

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Cited by 418 publications
(344 citation statements)
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“…3 and 4), the primary cause of which was the enhanced radiative forcing associated with higher GHG concentrations [A2 integration CO 2 concentrations are intermediate between the endpoints assessed by Hayhoe et al (30)]. Additionally, climate system feedbacks enhanced this heating effect, as in the Southwest where increases in extreme hot events were associated with decreased summer soil moisture and enhanced anticyclonic flow aloft (9). Climate system feedbacks also contributed to areal expansion of potential winegrape production in the Mountain West where fine-scale albedo feedbacks associated with loss of snow cover enhanced the warming effects of elevated GHG concentrations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…3 and 4), the primary cause of which was the enhanced radiative forcing associated with higher GHG concentrations [A2 integration CO 2 concentrations are intermediate between the endpoints assessed by Hayhoe et al (30)]. Additionally, climate system feedbacks enhanced this heating effect, as in the Southwest where increases in extreme hot events were associated with decreased summer soil moisture and enhanced anticyclonic flow aloft (9). Climate system feedbacks also contributed to areal expansion of potential winegrape production in the Mountain West where fine-scale albedo feedbacks associated with loss of snow cover enhanced the warming effects of elevated GHG concentrations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…High humidity is associated with higher risk of quality-reducing factors such as various forms of rot (31) and powdery mildew (32), and higher frequency of raindrop impacts on leaves increases fungal dispersal (33). The refugial premium winegrape production areas, which are projected to experience increased atmospheric water vapor mixing ratio in the A2 climate (9), are therefore likely to require extensive pathology control measures and͞or will experience declines in winegrape quality.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We consider seasonal mean values of CAPE, S06, and NDSEV, determined over the periods 1962-1989 (RF) and 2072-2099 (A2) using simulations of United States regional climate performed by Diffenbaugh et al (2) (Fig. 1).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The extreme cold index (T01) and the extreme precipitation index (P99) are calculated in the same way but based on the 1st percentile daily minimum temperature values and on the 99th percentile daily precipitation. A similar extreme index method was used over the US in previous studies (Diffenbaugh et al 2005;Walker and Diffenbaugh 2009), but considering the 5th and 95th percentiles, instead of the 1st and 99th percentiles, thus reducing the level of extreme events considered. In addition, they compute the extreme precipitation index using only rain days (defined as daily precipitation exceeding 1.0 mm) for each year.…”
Section: Calculation Of Extreme Eventsmentioning
confidence: 99%