Finding Nemo: Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the unusual life style of anemonefish

Santini, Simona; Polacco, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.03.028

Cited by 46 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…From a phylogenetic point of view, it is interesting to highlight that closely related species (E.g. A. perideraion and A. sandaracinos, see Santini and Polacco 2006) occur on distinct anemone host, while species living in the same host are phylogenetically distant, as for A. clarkii, P. biaculeatus and A. melanopus hosted by E. quadricolor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anemonefish comprise some 26 currently recognized species in the genera Amphiprion and Premnas belonging to the subfamily Amphiprioninae (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) (Allen 1991;Jang-Liaw et al 2002). However, a recent study based on DNA analysis suggested a monophyletic origin, thus the 2 genus partition could be incorrect (Santini and Polacco 2006). Natural hybrids also exist which have previously been named as distinct species (Fautin and Allen 1997;Ollerton et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assemblage and interaction structure of the anemonefish-anemone mutualism across the Manado region of Sulawesi, Indonesia

2010

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The Manado area (Indonesia-North Sulawesi), a marine high diversity hot-spot, hosts 7 species of anemonefish (family Pomacentridae, subfamily Amphiprioniae) living in symbiosis with 9 species of sea anemones (family Stichodactylidae and Actiniidae). This high biological diversity −27% and 80%, respectively, of the total known diversity of anemonefish and sea anemones-allows us to test different hypotheses focused on the obligate mutualism between anemonefish and sea anemones. In the Manado area, species richness of anemones and anemonefish across several sites was not correlated, but all anemones contained at least one fish individual, and there was a strong positive correlation between the numbers of individual anemonefish and anemones. As expected, each fish species had a preferred anemone host; also a partial niche overlap (Pianka's Index) was often detected. The analysis of unique species composition suggests that competition is not an important factor determining the presence or absence of particular combinations of either anemonefish or host anemones (no evidence of competitive exclusion). The NODF algorithm showed that, at both a regional and local scale, the interaction between anemonefish and host anemones is not significantly nested, as a result of a combination of local conditions with competition, forcing species that regionally are more generalist to become more specialist.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assemblage and interaction structure of the anemonefish-anemone mutualism across the Manado region of Sulawesi, Indonesia

2010

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“…Indeed, heterospecific pairs have been observed in the wild and fish with similar phenotype can be produced in aquaria by hybrid crosses [17]. Nevertheless, evidence of A. leucokranos pairs also exist [27], tentatively proposing that we may be witnessing hybrid speciation in progress. Yet, demonstrating this ongoing process would require more data than available here.…”

Section: Recent Hybridisation Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridisation and diversification in the adaptive radiation of clownfishes

Litsios

Salamin

2014

BMC Evol Biol

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Background: The importance of hybridisation during species diversification has long been debated among evolutionary biologists. It is increasingly recognised that hybridisation events occurred during the evolutionary history of numerous species, especially during the early stages of adaptive radiation. We study the effect of hybridisation on diversification in the clownfishes, a clade of coral reef fish that diversified through an adaptive radiation process. While two species of clownfish are likely to have been described from hybrid specimens, the occurrence and effect of hybridisation on the clade diversification is yet unknown. Results: We generate sequences of three mitochondrial genes to complete an existing dataset of nuclear sequences and document cytonuclear discordance at a node, which shows a drastic increase of diversification rate. Then, using a tree-based jack-knife method, we identify clownfish species likely stemming from hybridisation events. Finally, we use molecular cloning and identify the putative parental species of four clownfish specimens that display the morphological characteristics of hybrids. Conclusions: Our results show that consistently with the syngameon hypothesis, hybridisation events are linked with a burst of diversification in the clownfishes. Moreover, several recently diverged clownfish lineages likely originated through hybridisation, which indicates that diversification, catalysed by hybridisation events, may still be happening.

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“…The molecular studies on anemone fishes are scarce all over the world. These studies are mainly focused on taxonomy and evo- lution of the anemone fishes based on phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mtDNA (Elliott et al, 1999;Tang, 2001;Jang-Liaw et al, 2002;Quenouille et al, 2004;Santini and Polacco, 2006;Mabuchi ea al., 2007). There is only one report about anemone fish populations using genetic and morphological variations among them (Bell et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A molecular research on anemone fishes has been carried out for their ability to be a symbiotant of different sea anemones (Elliott et al, 1999). A similar study is carried out with more anemone fish species to survey their unusual life style (Santini and Polacco, 2006). Both of these later studies explained the hypotheses on the ancestral of the anemone fishes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of anemone fishes of the Persian Gulf using mtDNA sequences

Ghorashi¹,

Fatemi

Amini

et al. 2008

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Anemone fishes are a group of 28 species of coral reef fishes belonging to the family, Pomacentridae; subfamily, Amphiprioninae and all have an obligate symbiotic relationship with sea anemones. Two species of these small ornamental fishes have been identified in the Persian Gulf including Amphiprion clarkii and Amphiprion sebae. The phylogenetic relationship between Amphiprion species of the Persian Gulf was studied by collecting 15 samples from three Iranian islands, Larak, Farur and Kish. DNA was extracted from each sample and a part of mtDNA was amplified. Two pairs of primers were designed to amplify a final target of 400 bp by nested-PCR. Each amplican was sequenced, aligned and genetic diversity among samples was investigated by phylogenetic analysis. Results show that there is no significant genetic variation among A. clarkii individuals; however, A. sebae individuals from Larak were different from other fishes of the same species. Most probably this is due to the ability of A. clarkii to be symbiotant with all 10 species of host sea anemones which enables it to spread its own population in the 3 islands. However, A. sebae is observed to be symbiotant only with one host in the sea, therefore, has one option that reduces its distribution.

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Finding Nemo: Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the unusual life style of anemonefish

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Assemblage and interaction structure of the anemonefish-anemone mutualism across the Manado region of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Assemblage and interaction structure of the anemonefish-anemone mutualism across the Manado region of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Hybridisation and diversification in the adaptive radiation of clownfishes

Phylogenetic analysis of anemone fishes of the Persian Gulf using mtDNA sequences

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