Financial Versus Human Resources in the Greek–turkish Arms Race 10 Years On: A Forecasting Investigation Using Artificial Neural Networks

Arms Race Between Turkey and Greece: Time-Varying Causality Analysis

“…and "Is there an arms race between Turkey and Greece?" The findings from the current study support the idea that the arms race between the two countries ended during the period 1985-1990, as stated by Brauer (2002), and that it continued after 2000, as stated by Andreou and Zombanakis (2011). The current study showed that although the arms race between the two countries was said to have ended after 2000, it continued during the period 2000-2014.…”

“…According to the LSTR model results, Greece does not want to fall behind in military expenditures compared to Turkey. Andreou and Zombanakis (2011) divided their research into two sub-periods-before 2000 and after 2000-and examined the arms race between Turkey and Greece using the artificial neural networks (ANN) method. The study revealed that the arms race continued after 2000 and that the tension between the countries remained high.…”

Concerns on the issue of defence expenditure in the post-crisis Greece

“…where EQDEF stands for GDP share of defence expenditure on equipment procurement, DLGDP is the country's GDP rate of growth, SPILL stands for the spill over benefits as these are denoted by the defence spending over NATO -GDP figures and DRPOP represents the difference of the population growth rates between Turkey and Greece. The choice of the DRPOP has been based on the emphasis on the human resources variables Zombanakis 2000 and2011) in a period in which the Turkish side has explicitly underlined its importance 7 . The four-year lag of the dependent variable is used to represent the follow-up of the Hellenic Armed Forces armaments programme (EMPAE), as this is strongly affected by the political cycle 8 .…”

“…14 It has now been established in the literature that the Greek side is compelled to follow the Turkish defence procurement policy regardless of its direction of change and refers to earlier work on this issue (Andreou and Zombanakis 2000, 2006and 2011 in which an arms race between the two sides has been established. The fact is, however, that .…”

Essays on defense economics

“…The second chapter focuses exclusively on the Greek -Turkish relations, since it ultimately remains unresolved to what extent their rivalry features an arms race and at the same time, the two militaries are ramping up their capabilities. Evidence suggests that the Greek-Turkish tug of war has manifested at different points in time to an arms race (Öcal 2002;Andreou and Zombanakis 2011), while other studies dispute the findings and instead argue that the two defense budgets operate independently from one another (Öcal and Yildirim 2009;Paparas et al 2016). Shortly before the end of 2022, Greece affirmed its intention to demarcate the country's territorial waters to twelve nautical miles around Crete, and Turkey stepped up its rhetoric threatening Athens with retaliation, as it could be seen as a casus belli, justifying military action.…”