Financial Burden of Atopic Dermatitis Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenses in the United States

Begolka, Wendy Smith; Chovatiya, Raj; Thibau, Isabelle J.; Silverberg, Jonathan I.

doi:10.1097/der.0000000000000715

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…From the perspective of individual households, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses are an essential and tangible element in routine management of finances. Previous population-based studies showed multifactorial increases in overall OOP expenses in AD patients [ 28 , 29 ], and more recently, it was shown that individuals with AD report a wide variety of distinct medical and non-medical OOP healthcare costs related to AD care [ 30 ]. While black race was shown to be associated with increased healthcare resource utilization in AD [ 26 ], little is known about OOP healthcare expenses related to management of AD care among black individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial burden and impact of atopic dermatitis out-of-pocket healthcare expenses among black individuals in the United States

et al. 2021

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Black race is associated with increased atopic dermatitis (AD) severity and healthcare resource utilization. However, the burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses among black individuals with AD is not well understood. We sought to characterize the categories and impact of OOP healthcare expenses associated with AD management among black individuals. A 25-question voluntary online survey was administered to National Eczema Association members (N = 113,502). Inclusion criteria (US residents age ≥ 18 years; self-report of AD or primary caregivers of individuals with AD) was met by 77.3% (1118/1447) of respondents. Black individuals with AD were younger, had lower household income, Medicaid, urban residence, poor AD control and frequent skin infections (P ≤ 0.02). Blacks vs. non-blacks reported more OOP costs for prescription medications covered (74.2% vs. 63.6%, P = 0.04) and not covered (65.1% vs. 46.5%, P = 0.0004) by insurance, emergency room visits (22.1% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.005), and outpatient laboratory testing (33.3% vs. 21.8%, P = 0.01). Black race was associated with increased household financial impact from OOP expenses (P = 0.0009), and predictors of financial impact included minimally controlled AD (adjusted OR [95% CI] 13.88 [1.63–117.96], P = 0.02), systemic therapy (4.34 [1.63–11.54], 0.003), > $200 monthly OOP expenses (14.28 [3.42–59.60], P = 0.0003), and Medicaid (4.02 [1.15–14.07], P = 0.03). Blacks with Medicaid had higher odds of harmful financial impact (3.32 [1.77–6.24], P = 0.0002) than those of black race (1.81 [1.04–3.15], P = 0.04) or with Medicaid (1.39 [1.02–1.88], P = 0.04) alone. Black race is associated with increased OOP costs for AD and significant household financial impact. Targeted interventions are needed to address financial disparities in AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial burden and impact of atopic dermatitis out-of-pocket healthcare expenses among black individuals in the United States

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the direct economic burden for patients with DE, although there have been similar studies surveying related dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. [13][14][15][16] When directly compared, the cost for DE is notably less than these other conditions ( of the total economic burden of chronic hand eczema revealed average annual total costs between €1311 and €9792, with direct costs between €521 and €3722 each year. 18 Because DE is counted among the different forms of hand/foot eczema, it is likely responsible for a portion of this overall cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing demographics and cost of care for dyshidrotic eczema

2021

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Background Dyshidrotic eczema (DE) is a common form of eczema affecting the hands, feet, or both areas. To date, there has been little research examining demographics and cost burden associated with this disease. Objective This study seeks to characterize the demographics of patients affected and the direct costs of care associated with DE. Methods This is a retrospective analysis utilizing insurance claim information from IBM MarketScan. Pertinent data including demographic information, healthcare provider type, medications prescribed, and average cost of care were identified using the ICD 10 code L30.1 for DE for the year 2018. Results In 2018, 34 932 patients filed claims for DE, with 61% female and an average age of 37 years at first diagnosis. DE was mostly seen in employees from the service industry and the manufacturing of durable goods. The total annual direct cost was US $11 738 985. Average annual costs, however, did vary based on type of treating healthcare provider, level of care, and medications prescribed. Conclusions Patients with DE can face an economic burden due to their disease and providers should aim to recognize this disease and its treatments to minimize healthcare costs for patients and improve quality of life.

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“…Furthermore, out-of-pocket health care expenses associated with AD are a significant burden on patients with AD [ 33 ]. The cost of sophisticated emollient therapies often makes patients hesitant to use the recommended amount of 250 g/week for adults [ 34 ].…”

Section: Overview Of Ad and Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Dexpanthenol for Atopic Dermatitis—Benefits and Recommendations Based on Current Evidence

Cho

Kim

Woo

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease of multiple phenotypes and endotypes, and is highly prevalent in children. Many people of all ages, including active adolescents, pregnant women, and the elderly, suffer from AD, experiencing chronicity, flares, and unexpected relapse. Dexpanthenol has multiple pharmacological effects and has been employed to treat various skin disorders such as AD. We aimed to summarize the up-to-date evidence relating to dexpanthenol and to provide a consensus on how to use dexpanthenol effectively for the treatment of AD. Methods: The evidence to date on the application and efficacy of dexpanthenol in AD was reviewed. The literature search focused on dexpanthenol use and the improvement of skin barrier function, the prevention of acute flares, and its topical corticosteroid (TCS) sparing effects. Evidence and recommendations for special groups such as pregnant women, and the effects of dexpanthenol and emollient plus in maintenance therapy, were also summarized. Results: Dexpanthenol is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of AD. Dexpanthenol improves skin barrier function, reduces acute and frequent flares, has a significant TCS sparing effect, and enhances wound healing for skin lesions. Conclusion: This review article provides helpful advice for clinicians and patients on the proper maintenance treatment of AD. Dexpanthenol, as an active ingredient in ointments or emollients, is suitable for the treatment and maintenance of AD. This paper will guide dermatologists and clinicians to consider dexpanthenol as a treatment option for mild to moderate AD.

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Financial Burden of Atopic Dermatitis Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenses in the United States

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Financial burden and impact of atopic dermatitis out-of-pocket healthcare expenses among black individuals in the United States

Financial burden and impact of atopic dermatitis out-of-pocket healthcare expenses among black individuals in the United States

Characterizing demographics and cost of care for dyshidrotic eczema

Use of Dexpanthenol for Atopic Dermatitis—Benefits and Recommendations Based on Current Evidence

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