Filling of a grain silo. Part 1: Investigation of fine material distribution in a small scale centre-filled silo

Nourmohamadi-Moghadami, A.; Zare, Dariush; Singh, Chandra B.; Stroshine, R. L.

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.01.003

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nourmohamadi Moghadami et al 10 that the broken kernels decreased with the radial might be the sifting segregation. During the formation of maize heap, smaller broken kernels were captured by larger pores between maize kernels during the ow/sliding process along the maize heap surface, which made the BKDF concentrated under the loading point, while larger whole kernels that had less surface friction tend to ow/slide towards the silo wall 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Segregation of particles during maize loading process in a center-loaded silo

Chen,

Liu,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Kernel breakage and segregation are an unavoidable phenomenon during maize loading process in the silo, and the study of this phenomenon is beneficial for solving the aeration, drying and insect control in grain storage. Distribution and segregation of broken kernels, dust, and fragments (BKDF), inorganic impurities, foreign kernels and other organic impurities were studied by maize loading process in a center-loaded silo. Maize was loaded through a vertical funnel into the silo from four drop heights (0.3, 1, 2 and 3.1 m). Samples were collected using a sampling tube inserted vertically at a Y-shaped locations along three radii of the silo for each drop heights. The difference in porosity distribution in the spatial position of the maize bulk caused by kernel breakage and segregation was determined. Higher drop heights increased the content of BKDF, and the BKDF decreased nonlinearly with the increase of distance from the center of the silo. The foreign kernels concentration near the center of the silo was higher than that near the silo wall. Inorganic impurities mainly accumulated in the 1/4 ~ 3/4 radius, while other organic impurities accumulated mostly near the wall of the silo. A nonlinear model considering kernel breakage and segregation was developed to predict the porosity distribution in the vertical and radial direction in the silo. Kernel breakage and segregation minimize the porosity at the center of the silo. The porosity of the silo center was 0.421 ~ 0.438, and it increased with the distance from the center of the silo increased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Segregation of particles during maize loading process in a center-loaded silo

Chen,

Liu,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…They concluded that loading height significantly influenced the distribution for canola but not for soybeans and kidney beans and the DFM distribution in canola was mainly dictated by the impact segregation. Nourmohamadi-Moghadami et al (2020) found that as the drop height decreased in a 1-m diameter bin filled with shelled corn, broken kernels and foreign materials found in the periphery of the bin decreased. They explained that the velocity of the particles in the flowing layer of the grain on the heap surface decreased as the drop height decreased, which gave more time to the small particles to be embedded among large particles.…”

Section: Drop Heightmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1), e.g., particles in the grain bulk roll or slide down on the surface of a grain pile when the angle of the heap is larger than the repose angle of the grain bulk. The heap surface acts like a sieve and smaller particles are more likely to be embedded in the surface pores and gradually percolate down to the bottom of the moving layer, while larger particles have a higher probability of sliding or rolling down further from the top of the heap and stay on the surface (Ketterhagena et al, 2007;Nourmohamadi-Moghadami et al, 2020;Tang and Puri, 2004). Johanson et al (2005) identified three requirements for sifting: 1) the fines must be small enough to fit through the pores in the coarse matrix; 2) inter-particle motion must exist to allow fine particle to be exposed to multiple voids, and 3) the fines need to be significantly free flowing to pass through the pores and result in percolation.…”

Section: Sifting (Sieving) Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Distribution and Segregation Mechanisms of Dockage and Foreign Materials in On-Farm Grain Silos for Central Spout Loading

Jian

2022

KONA

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Dockage and foreign material (DFM) distribution in grain silos is an important factor in managing stored grain. The DFM distribution in grain silos is dictated by the segregation mechanisms of DFM during grain loading. Loading grain into silos from a central spout is a special case of heap flows of granular materials. However, our understanding of heap flows is still evolving, and no models are currently available to predict the dockage and foreign material distribution in grain silos. Based on an extensive literature review, this paper identified the dominant mechanisms of DFM segregations during central spout filling in grain silos and main factors influencing DFM distribution. The DFM distribution patterns were characterized. The experimental methods for analyzing DFM segregations and distribution were also reviewed. The gaps of our knowledge on segregation mechanisms and factors influencing segregation were summarised and future research directions and challenges were discussed.

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“…During grain loading, crushing and grading phenomena result in the formation of a complex packing structure (Haque, 2011). Under the load of the grain, the shearing stress on the contact surface of the grains overcomes the frictional force between them, causing the grains to slide along the contact surface and resulting in an anisotropic distribution of the porosity of the grain pile (Nourmohamadi‐Moghadami, Zare, Singh, & Stroshine, 2020; Nourmohamadi‐Moghadami, Zare, Stroshine, & Kamfiroozi, 2020). During the aeration process, the lower porosity of the crushed grain accumulation site below the discharge port leads to a decrease in the airflow velocity through this position, thereby creating a zone of thermal and humid accumulation (Atungulu et al, 2013; Bartosik & Maier, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved anisotropic continuum model for the flow and heat transfer in grain aeration system

Liu

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2023

J Food Process Engineering

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To investigate the influence of pore structure distribution on the flow and heat transfer during the aeration process of a grain pile, an anisotropic continuous model (ACM) was developed based on the homogeneous continuous model (HCM). The improved ACM includes spatial resistance factors and effective thermal conductivity correction coefficients. The experimental results were compared with the particle‐resolved computational fluid dynamics (PRCFD) and ACM simulation results to verify the accuracy. At higher inlet velocities, the HCM underestimated the pressure drop in the wheat fixed bed, with an average deviation of 21%. In contrast, the improved ACM incorporates the effect of resistance factors and had an average deviation of less than 10% from the experimental. By simulating the pilot‐scale bin aeration system, the accuracy of the improved ACM applied to the real bin was ensured, considering the change in the porosity of the grain pile along the center of the bin to the bin wall and the grain pile height direction. The range of variable porosity distribution was set at .35–.45, and the total average deviation between the ACM simulation static pressure and the experimental value was 9.7% when the inlet airflow velocity was .019 m/s. The simulated temperature of the ACM matches the measured temperature better compared to the temperature values of the grain pile at different heights in the HCM with a constant porosity of .45. Therefore, the impact of four central air collection duct forms on airflow and temperature was discussed, and it was determined that the pipe with a larger diameter at the top and a smaller diameter at the bottom air collection duct was more advantageous when used in a horizontal aeration system by applying the improved ACM to different scenarios.Practical ApplicationsThis study introduces the resistance factor and effective thermal conductivity in a laboratory‐scale fixed bed of wheat. An improved anisotropic continuous model was established for simulating the flow and heat transfer in the fixed bed during the aeration process. The improved anisotropic continuous model accurately reflected the non‐uniformity of fixed bed flow and temperature transfer in the fixed bed. This model can be employed for simulating flow and heat transfer in large‐scale actual storage systems characterized by heterogeneous pore distribution, while ensuring appropriate computational efficiency and precision.

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Filling of a grain silo. Part 1: Investigation of fine material distribution in a small scale centre-filled silo

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Segregation of particles during maize loading process in a center-loaded silo

Segregation of particles during maize loading process in a center-loaded silo

A Review of Distribution and Segregation Mechanisms of Dockage and Foreign Materials in On-Farm Grain Silos for Central Spout Loading

An improved anisotropic continuum model for the flow and heat transfer in grain aeration system

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