Fillers for Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes: Highlight

Abstract

The current solid polymer electrolytes suffer from poor conductivity, low mechanical and electrochemical stability toward the lithium electrodes. To improve the performance of solid polymer electrolytes, the addition of nanoparticle fillers to the polymer electrolyte is being extensively investigated. In this paper, a brief review on the state of art of solid fillers for lithium battery electrolytes is presented.

Enhancement of Li+ion conductivity in solid polymer electrolytes using surface tailored porous silica nanofillers

“…Although higher lithium ion conductivity (∼10 −3 S cm −1 ) is recorded above the melting temperature of PEO, the observed room temperature conductivity value still below 10 −4 S cm −1 . Apart from nano-silica as fillers many modified oxide and their hybrid materials are also exploited as additives in the formation of NCPE, but still far away from the target value [21,[28][29][30][31]. As a consequence, there remains the possibility to modify the process in developing a novel NCPE, which can give lithium ion conductivity to reasonable higher values.…”

Nanostructured Triblock Copolymers with Chemically Complementary Components and Their Ionic Conductivity

“…Finally, the nanoporous mass-fractal organization of TBC structure ensures a free transport of the ions, which are contained in the adsorbed water and possibly in the copolymer sample after synthesis (see above-mentioned synthetic strategy), throughout the copolymer films under the action of electric field. An important role of the porous film structure in the increase of their ionic conductivity was also noted in the studies [25,60]. Introduction of I/I 2 caused the regular increase in the film conductivity in 10-24 % that depended on the electrolyte concentration (Table 3).…”

“…Therefore, numerous efforts were done to find the ways to increase the ionic conductivity of the PEO-containing electrolytes and simultaneously to lower or even to prevent the crystallization phenomenon. The following operations were carried out for this purpose: i) the alkali metal salts with the large volume of counter ions (perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, bis[perfluoro(alkylen)sulfonyl] imide *Address corresponding to this author at the Department of Macromolecular Chemistry, Kiev National Taras Shevchenko University, Faculty of Chemistry, 60 Vladimirskaya St., 01033 Kiev, Ukraine; Tel: +38 (044) 2393411; Fax: +38 (044) 2393100; E-mail: zheltonozhskaya@ukr.net and other anions) were introduced in the content of solid polymeric electrolytes [3,[15][16][17]; ii) terminal groups of PEO chains were modified [12,18]; iii) other co-monomers were introduced into PEO chains [4,5]; iv) the PEO-containing solid-state electrolytes were additionally filled with amorphous oligomers [6], other polymers [19][20][21][22], different nanoparticles [5,[23][24][25] or nanotubes [26][27][28] and plasticizers [11,29]; v) the block and graft copolymers comprised PEO and amorphous components such as poly(propylene oxide), polystyrene, poly[alkyl(meth)acrylates] etc. were created and used as matrices in solid electrolytes [30][31][32][33]; vi) PEO chains were cross-linked [34][35][36].…”

Photocured Cationic Polyoxazoline Macromonomers as Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…With increasing thickness, the mechanical stability appears to increase. Possible approaches to improve the mechanical stability are to adjust the ratio between the BPADMA and the TMPETA cross-linkers, to study the cross-linking degree in detail, to incorporate alternative and highly mechanically stable polymeric hosts such as PVDF-HFP, , and/or to add fillers (e. g., inert oxide ceramics or carbonaceous materials) to the GPE. (2) For electrochemical cycling, the GPE was UV cured directly on the lithium iron phosphate cathode (see Figure b).…”