Field evaluation of a near–real time elemental monitor and identification of element sources observed at an air monitoring supersite in Korea

Park, Seungshik; Cho, Sung–Yong; Jo, Mi–Ra; Gong, Bu–Joo; Park, Jin–Soo; Lee, Suk–Jo

doi:10.5094/apr.2014.015

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hopke, 2016;Park et al, 2014;Querol et al, 2007;Visser et al, 2015a). A simple approach for characterizing a common source for a group of elements is to study the temporal covariation of the elements in this group.…”

Section: Investigation Of Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental composition of ambient aerosols measured with high temporal resolution using an online XRF spectrometer

Furger

Minguillón

Yadav³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. The Xact 625 Ambient Metals Monitor was tested during a 3-week field campaign at the rural, trafficinfluenced site Härkingen in Switzerland during the summer of 2015. The field campaign encompassed the Swiss National Day fireworks event, providing increased concentrations and unique chemical signatures compared to non-fireworks (or background) periods. The objective was to evaluate the data quality by intercomparison with other independent measurements and test its applicability for aerosol source quantification. The Xact was configured to measure 24 elements in PM 10 with 1 h time resolution. Data quality was evaluated for 10 24 h averages of Xact data by intercomparison with 24 h PM 10 filter data analysed with ICP-OES for major elements, ICP-MS for trace elements, and gold amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry for Hg. Ten elements (S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb) showed excellent correlation between the compared methods, with r 2 values ≥ 0.95. However, the slopes of the regressions between Xact 625 and ICP data varied from 0.97 to 1.8 (average 1.28) and thus indicated generally higher Xact elemental concentrations than ICP for these elements. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed, but further investigations are needed. For the remaining elements no conclusions could be drawn about their quantification for various reasons, mainly detection limit issues. An indirect intercomparison of hourly values was performed for the fireworks peak, which brought good agreement of total masses when the Xact data were corrected with the regressions from the 24 h value intercomparison. The results demonstrate that multi-metal characterization at hightime-resolution capability of Xact is a valuable and practical tool for ambient monitoring.

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Section: Investigation Of Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with a delay of one sampling interval) monitoring of the operation status and the ambient metal content. An in-depth evaluation of the forerunner instrument Xact 620 was previously published by Park et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental composition of ambient aerosols measured with high temporal resolution using an online XRF spectrometer

Furger

Minguillón

Yadav³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…Nevertheless the analysis is still performed in the laboratory and thus does not improve the time delay of the analysis. Despite these limitations, the XACT is unique in measuring elements automatically using energy dispersive 30 XRF (ED-XRF) and has been successfully evaluated in a number of field studies (Furger et al, 2017;Park et al, 2014). Park et al (2014) found a good agreement between the XACT and 24 hour filter based measurement collected in South Korea (filters analysed using ED-XRF).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these limitations, the XACT is unique in measuring elements automatically using energy dispersive 30 XRF (ED-XRF) and has been successfully evaluated in a number of field studies (Furger et al, 2017;Park et al, 2014). Park et al (2014) found a good agreement between the XACT and 24 hour filter based measurement collected in South Korea (filters analysed using ED-XRF). Furger et al (2017) tested the XACT during a summer campaign in Switzerland in 2015 and compared the XACT data with measurements made using ICP-MS on filters sampled for 24 hours (both PM 10 ) as well as ACSM measurements (PM 1 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include aerosol mass spectrometers such as the ACSM (Aerodyne Research Inc.) (Ng et al, 2011); ion chromatography approaches such as the MARGA (Metrohm) (Rumsey et al, 2014), PILS (Brechtel) (Weber et al, 2001) and URG's 9000 ambient ion monitor (Beccaceci et al, 2015); and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) such as the XACT instrument (Cooper Environmental Services) (Park et al, 2014). However, these high time resolution 20 instruments only measure a subset of chemical components each, depending on their collection, extraction and analysis methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field and laboratory evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence instrument for determining the elemental composition of ambient aerosols

Tremper¹,

Font²,

Priestman³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Measuring the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information on the concentration of regulated toxic metals and their sources and assist in the identification and validation of abatement techniques. Undertaking these at a high time resolution (1 hour or less) enables receptor modelling techniques to be more robustly linked to emission processes. This study describes a comprehensive laboratory and field evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument (CES XACT 625) 5 for a range of elements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn) against alternative techniques: high time resolution mass measurements, high time resolution ion chromatography, aerosol mass spectrometry, and established filter-based, laboratory analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). 1) Laboratory evaluation was carried out using a novel massbased calibration technique to independently assess the accuracy of the XRF against laboratory generated 10 aerosols, which resulted in slopes that were not significantly different from unity. This demonstrated that generated particles can serve as an alternative calibration method for this instrument.2) The XACT was evaluated in three contrasting field deployments; a heavily trafficked roadside site (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), an industrial location downwind of a nickel refinery (PM 10 ) and an urban background location influenced by nearby industries and motorways (PM 10 ). The XRF technique agreed well with the ICP-MS measurements of 15 daily filter samples in all cases with a median R 2 of 0.93 and a median slope of 1.07. Differences were likely due to recovery rates from the sample digestion as well as filter sampling artefacts and matrix effects in the XRF technique. The XRF technique also agreed well with the other high time resolution measurements but showed a significant positive bias (slopes between 1.41 and 4.6), probably due to differences in the size selection methodology, volatility and water solubility of the PM in aerosol mass spectrometry and ion chromatography, 20 respectively. 3) A novel filter analysis technique using the XACT showed promising initial results: filters analysed off-line with the XACT compared well to in-situ XACT measurements with a median R 2 of 0.96 and median slope of 1.07. The resulting range of slopes was comparable to slopes produced in the ICP-MS comparison. This technique provides an opportunity to use the XACT when it is not deployed in the field; thus expanding the potential use of this instrument in future studies. 25 IntroductionIt has long been known that increased air pollution, and specifically particle pollution is associated with adverse health effects (Brunekreef and Holgate, 2002;Kelly et al., 2012). Particulate matter (PM) also affects atmospheric visibility and radiative forcing (Fuzzi et al., 2015). PM is not a homogenous air pollutant but rather a complex mixture; it varies in chemical and physical co...

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Trajectory-Assisted Source Apportionment of Winter-Time Aerosol Using Semi-continuous Measurements

Liao

2020

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Field evaluation of a near–real time elemental monitor and identification of element sources observed at an air monitoring supersite in Korea

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Elemental composition of ambient aerosols measured with high temporal resolution using an online XRF spectrometer

Elemental composition of ambient aerosols measured with high temporal resolution using an online XRF spectrometer

Field and laboratory evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence instrument for determining the elemental composition of ambient aerosols

Trajectory-Assisted Source Apportionment of Winter-Time Aerosol Using Semi-continuous Measurements

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