Fibers, 12. Glass Fibers

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Textile Glass Fibers 1.1. Chemical Composition and Properties 1.1.1. Chemical Composition 1.1.2. Properties 1.2. Production 1.2.1. Raw Materials 1.2.2. Melting process 1.2.3. Fiber Forming 1.2.4. Glass Staple Fibers 1.3. Textile Glass Products: Processing and Application 1.3.1. Product Designation 1.3.2. Correlation Between Processing and Application 1.3.3. Description of Textile Glass Products 1.3.4. Applications 1.4. Product Standards 1.5. Economic Aspects 1.5.1. Textile Glass Fiber Market 1.5.2. Producers 1.5.3. New Products 1.6. Toxicology and Occupational Health 2. Glass Fibers for Insulation 2.1. Chemical Composition and Properties 2.1.1. Chemical Composition 2.1.2. Physical Properties 2.1.3. Chemical Properties 2.2. Production 2.2.1. Raw Materials 2.2.2. Melting 2.2.3. Fiber Forming 2.2.4. Product Forming 2.2.5. Environmental Protection 2.3. Applications 2.4. Product Standards 2.5. Economic Aspects 2.6. Toxicology and Occupational Health

Fiber Selection for Reinforced Additive Manufacturing

“…Molten glass is extruded through heated bushing plates with very fine orifices. The bushing plates, constructed from platinum and rhodium, have between 400 and 8000 holes approximately 1 mm in diameter [ 80 ]. The extruded glass fibers are then attenuated.…”

“…The final step in glass and quartz fiber production is drying and packaging. Continuous filament fibers formed in this manner are known as textile fibers, collected as a roving, and can be woven into fabric or applied as reinforcing compounds in additive manufacturing [ 80 ].…”

“…Although the history of glass fiber extends back to 1600 B.C. Egypt, physicist Ferchault De Reamur first made glass fibers into a textile yarn in 1713 [ 80 ]. Glass fibers were first produced for air filtration purposes about 100 years ago, as a secondary product of a glass bottle manufacturing company in Newark Ohio [ 79 ].…”

“…E-glass fibers are common reinforcing compounds in plastic composite materials. C-glass is an alkali-lime glass rich in boron trioxide, originally named for chemical applications, which exhibits good chemical resistance [ 80 ]. S-glass and R-glass make up the family of high strength aluminosilicate glass fibers, rich in silica, magnesia, and alumina, with tensile strengths 50% greater than E-glass [ 79 ].…”

A Natural Based Method for Hydrophobic Treatment of Natural Fiber Material

“…5 From the economic point of view, natural fibers are low cost materials, if their price is compared to glass and carbon fibers. 6,7 From the ecologic point of view, the recycling of materials containing natural fibers is simple compared to the recycling of composite materials with glass or carbon fibers. 4,8 One significant property of natural fibers is their hydrophilicity.…”