Fetal Loss After Implantation

Miller, John F.; Williamson, E.; Glue, J.; Gordon, Y. B.; Grudzinskas, J.G.; Sykes, Andrew G.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)91991-1

Cited by 404 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We found in our study over 1/3 patients miscarried after clinical pregnancy in women under- going IVF over 40 years old; this rate is 20.27% in 36-40 years old group, 13.21% in 3135 years old group and only 9.27% in 21-30 years old group. In the latter two groups, the miscarriage rates after diagnosis of clinical pregnancy are comparable to previous reports of natural pregnancy (10%-15%) [16][17][18][19]. It is reported that genetic abnormalities, uterine anatomical defects, antiphospholipid antibodies, environmental factors, advanced maternal age, obesity, endometriosis, etc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effect of maternal age on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

Yan

Tang

et al. 2012

Sci. China Life Sci.

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This is a retrospective, observational study to evaluate the effect of maternal age on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). 11830 IVF-ET cycles from 10268 women were included. Four groups of different maternal age periods were compared. The groups were 2130 years old group (4549 cycles), 31-35 years old group (4424 cycles), 36-40 years old group (2429 cycles), and over 40 years old group (428 cycles). The mean starting dose of Gn and mean total dose of Gn in each cycle were significantly higher (P<0.01), while the mean retrieved oocyte number was significantly lower (P<0.01) in groups of higher maternal age period than those in each of the lower groups. The biochemical pregnancy rate and the clinical pregnancy rate were significantly lower (P<0.01), while the miscarriage rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in groups of higher maternal age period than those in the lower groups. No difference was found in two-pronuclear zygotes (2PN) rate and good quality embryo rate among different groups. Birth defect rate was also comparable in the born babies in different groups. In the group with patients' age over 40 years old, the pregnancy rate was 26.87%, the clinical pregnancy rate was 19.39%, while the miscarriage rate after clinical pregnancy was 36.14%. To draw the conclusion, patients with higher maternal age had worse IVF outcomes. In women of fertile age, patients between 20 and 30 years old have the best IVF outcomes. Patients over 40 years old have poor IVF outcome and high miscarriage rate, which suggested the necessity of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS).in vitro fertilization, outcome, pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, birth defect, maternal age Citation:Yan J H, Wu K L, Tang R, et al. Effect of maternal age on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Sci China Life Sci, 2012, 55: 694 -698,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effect of maternal age on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

Yan

Tang

et al. 2012

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…Live birth fecundability was estimated as “ not over 15% ”, substantially lower than Leridon’s 31%. Despite this discrepancy, Boklage’s conclusions were derived from a review of data including several hCG studies 55, 58– 61, 63 and Leridon’s analysis 18 . He derived a model describing the survival probability of human embryos comprising the sum of two exponential functions:…”

Section: What the Data Saymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, data presented as embryo survival probabilities at different times post-fertilization 55, 58, 59, 61, 63 are fecundabilities, i.e., successes per cycle, not per fertilised embryo. Secondly, for reasons that are unclear, data from Whittaker 60 and Leridon 18 were excluded from the modelling analysis and the data from an earlier Wilcox report 55 were included twice since this preliminary data had been incorporated into the later report 63 .…”

Section: What the Data Saymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early embryo mortality in natural human reproduction: What the data say

Jarvis

2016

F1000Res

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It is generally accepted that natural human embryo mortality during pregnancy is high – losses of 70% and higher from fertilisation to birth are frequently claimed. The first external sign of pregnancy occurs two weeks after fertilisation with a missed menstrual period. Establishing the fate of embryos before this is challenging, and hampered by a lack of data on the efficiency of fertilisation under natural conditions. Four distinct sources are cited to justify quantitative claims regarding embryo loss: (i) a hypothesis published by Roberts & Lowe in The Lancet is widely cited but has no quantitative value; (ii) life table analyses give consistent assessments of clinical pregnancy loss, but cannot illuminate losses at earlier stages of development; (iii) studies that measure human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) reveal losses in the second week of development and beyond, but not before; and (iv) the classic studies of Hertig and Rock offer the only direct insight into the fate of human embryos from fertilisation under natural conditions. Re-examination of Hertig’s data demonstrates that his estimates for fertilisation rate and early embryo loss are highly imprecise and casts doubt on the validity of his numerical analysis. A recent re-analysis of hCG study data suggests that approximately 40-60% of embryos may be lost between fertilisation and birth, although this will vary substantially between individual women. In conclusion, it is clear that some published estimates of natural embryo mortality are exaggerated. Although available data do not provide a precise estimate, natural human embryo mortality is lower than is often claimed.

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“…Specifically, in the context of the present review, if mechanisms governing normal implantation are suboptimal the establishment of an early pregnancy may be impaired. Impaired early pregnancy development and consequently uteroplacental function may be associated not only with miscarriage but also with later pregnancy complications including pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (Miller et al, 1980;Wilcox et al, 1988). A direct role for impaired decidualization in pregnancy failure is emphasized in women with recurrent miscarriage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential roles of decidual prolactin in early pregnancy

Jabbour¹

2001

Reproduction

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Fetal Loss After Implantation

Cited by 404 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of maternal age on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

Effect of maternal age on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

Early embryo mortality in natural human reproduction: What the data say

Potential roles of decidual prolactin in early pregnancy

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