Fermentation and enzyme treatments for sorghum

Abstract

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is the fifth most produced cereal worldwide. However, some varieties of this cereal contain antinutritional factors, such as tannins and phytate that may form stable complexes with proteins and minerals which decreases digestibility and nutritional value. The present study sought to diminish antinutritional tannins and phytate present in sorghum grains. Three different treatments were studied for that purpose, using enzymes tannase (945 U/Kg sorghum), phytase (2640 U/Kg sorghum) and Paecilomyces variotii (1.6 X 10(7) spores/mL); A) Tannase, phytase and Paecilomyces variotii, during 5 and 10 days; B) An innovative blend made of tanase and phytase for 5 days followed by a Pv increase for 5 more days; C) a third treatment where the reversed order of B was used starting with Pv for 5 days and then the blend of tannase and phytase for 5 more days. The results have shown that on average the three treatments were able to reduce total phenols and both hydrolysable and condensed tannins by 40.6, 38.92 and 58.00 %, respectively. Phytase increased the amount of available inorganic phosphorous, on the average by 78.3 %. The most promising results concerning tannins and phytate decreases were obtained by the enzymes combination of tannase and phytase. The three treatments have shown effective on diminishing tannin and phytate contents in sorghum flour which leads us to affirm that the proposed treatments can be used to increase the nutritive value of sorghum grains destined for either animal feeds or human nutrition

Malting and fermentation effects on antinutritional components and functional characteristics of sorghum flour

“…Romo-parada, Simard, & Larrea-Reynoso, 1985 reported a 92% reduction in tannin content. Microbial activity may reduce the tannin content of fermented sorghum flour and tannin acyl hydrolases is responsible for the tannin reduction in fermented sorghum flour (Grewal, 1992;Schons, Battestin, & Macedo, 2012).…”

Enzymes and bioproducts produced by the ascomycete fungus Paecilomyces variotii

“…On the other hand, phytase increased the amount of available inorganic phosphorus, on average by 78Á3%. However, the most promising results were obtained by the enzyme combination of tannase and phytase, which leads to stating that the proposed treatments could be used to increase the nutritive value of sorghum grains destined for either animal feed or human nutrition (Schons et al 2012).…”

“…Until now, several strains of P. variotii have been isolated and screened in relation to their enzyme production potential, and opportunely some of them have been found to be a promising source of amylases (Michelin et al 2010), chitinases (Saad and Hamdy 2004), pectinases (Patil et al 2012), phytases (Schons et al 2012), tannases ) and xylanases (Almeida e Silva et al 2003), among other enzymes.…”

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of Morama (Tylosema esculentum): A Review

“…Serpins have proinflammatory activities [upregulation of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2 and interferon-γ] and inhibit HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase activity (Fang et al, 2010). However, the KBTI in T. esculentum is heat labile, so it can be inactivated during cooking or roasting Tannins Tannins complex with proteins and minerals, which decreases digestibility and the nutritional value of foods and feeds (Schons et al, 2012) Erucic acid Erucic acid induces thrombocytopenia in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (Zierz et al, 1993) Myristic and palmitic acids Myristic acid and palmitic acid increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Zock et al, 1994) a Data adapted from Chingwaru et al (2011afrom Chingwaru et al ( , 2011b.…”

“…However, the KBTI in T. esculentum is heat labile, which ensures that they are inactivated during cooking or roasting . The tannin present in T. esculentum, while having antimicrobial activities, reportedly complex with proteins and minerals, which decreases digestibility and nutritional value of foods and feeds (Chung et al, 1998;Schons et al, 2012). Erucic acid therapy reportedly induces thrombocytopenia in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (Zierz et al, 1993).…”