Fenologia e modos de polinização e dispersão de Fabaceae em floresta ciliar, Chapada Diamantina, Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Resumo -Padrões fenológicos vêm sendo descritos com base na frequência, época e duração dos eventos, e analisados em função de fatores bióticos e abióticos, com os ciclos vegetativos e reprodutivos de espécies vegetais comumente relacionados à precipitação e ao comprimento do dia. Neste trabalho, descrevemos as estratégias fenológicas de 11 espécies de Fabaceae ocorrentes na mata ciliar do rio Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina, estado da Bahia, Brasil, e investigamos a influência dos fatores ambientais sobre os padrões fenológicos e a relação destes últimos com os modos de polinização e dispersão. A fenologia vegetativa (brotamento e queda foliar) e reprodutiva (botão, flor, fruto imaturo e fruto maduro) em 75 indivíduos foi estimada utilizando o índice de intensidade de Fournier (24 meses). A sincronia interespecífica foi calculada com base na presença ou ausência da fenofase nos indivíduos. Análises de regressão múltipla foram conduzidas para investigar a influência das variáveis ambientais sobre as fenofases, e a correlação de Pearson para verificar relações entre os eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos. As síndromes de polinização e dispersão foram definidas com base em observações de campo e na literatura. As espécies apresentaram eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos assazonais, diferindo do esperado para a família. Entretanto, as fases de flor e fruto maduro (i.e., os recursos para polinizadores e dispersores) foram sazonais. A relação com a precipitação foi positiva para o brotamento, mas negativa para a queda foliar e a dispersão dos diásporos. O brotamento, a floração e a maturação dos frutos mostraram relação positiva com o comprimento do dia. Este estudo revela a ocorrência de grupos de Fabaceae em mata ciliar com picos distintos de floração e frutificação relacionados às síndromes de polinização e dispersão, o que minimiza a sobreposição de nichos entre elas. Palavras-chave adicionais: falenofilia, frutificação, Leguminosae, melitofilia, sazonalidade.Abstract (Phenology and pollination and dispersal modes of Fabaceae in a riparian forest, Chapada Diamantina, Northeastern Brazil) -Phenological patterns have been described based on frequency, period and duration of the events and analyzed as a function of biotic and abiotic factors with the vegetative and reproductive cycles of plant species commonly related to the precipitation and day length. In this work, we describe the phenological strategies of 11 Fabaceae species present in gallery forests along the Lençóis River, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil, and investigate the environmental factors influence and pollination and dispersal modes on the phenological patterns. Observations of vegetative (leaf flushing and leaf fall) and reproductive (bud, flower, immature fruit and mature fruit) phenology were made among a group of 75 individuals based on Fournier index (24 months). Interspecific synchrony was determined based on the presence or absence of each phenophase in the individuals. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the i...

Comparing Data Collection Methods in Phenological Evaluations of Himatanthus drasticus

“…Our hypothesis was therefore partially confirmed, as phenophase intensities were best revealed by quantitative and semi-quantitative data and would, for example, favor interpretations of links with resource availability for pollinators and dispersers (Freitas & Bolmgren, 2008;Souza & Funch 2015). The qualitative method did not generate easily distinguishable intensity peaks.…”

Reproductive phenology of Melastomataceae species with contrasting reproductive systems: contemporary and historical drivers

“…The few studies based on large tropical families have found that the flowering and fruiting patterns are both seasonal and highly synchronic, as for Rubiaceae (San Martin‐Gajardo & Morellato ; Liuth et al . ), or continuous with low interspecific synchrony, as for Fabaceae (Souza & Funch ) and the fruiting of Myrtaceae (Staggemeier et al . ).…”

Fire damage on seeds of Calliandra parviflora Benth. (Fabaceae), a facultative seeder in a Brazilian flooding savanna

“…parviflora (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoide clade, LPWG, 2017), is an episodic evergreen, hemicryptophytic shrub species that occurs in all regions of Brazil, in various types of vegetation such as Highland Rocky grasslands, Cerrado (lato sensu), riverine forest, gallery forest, seasonally deciduous forest, and seasonally semideciduous forest (Souza, 2015). Flowering and fruiting show a sub-annual pattern with an intermediate duration of up to 5 months (Souza & Funch, 2015). In the study area, C. parviflora begins to bloom at the end of the dry season (October), and fruiting occurs from the beginning of the rainy season in December.…”

“…For instance, in Pantanal wetland, Calliandra parviflora is a 1.5‐m‐high shrub, commonly found in regions with natural, anthropic, accidental or purposeful fires, and is considered a pasture weed of Brazilian Cerrado that is adapted to periodic flooding (Pott, Pott, & de Souza, 2006; Pott & Pott, 1994). This species is characterized by pods that are readily dehiscent upon maturity, with autochorous seed dispersal near the parent plant (Reis & Sousa, 2014; Souza & Funch, 2015). Hence, fire episodes during the fruiting period of the species can have detrimental effects on the viability and germinability of the enclosed seeds, if the fruits are not good thermal insulators or the seeds are not fire tolerant.…”