Felt emotions, and verbally communicated emotions: the case of pride

PRIDE Silenced pride in scarce consumption

“…When it comes to manifestations of pride in consumption, our data show that both nonvoluntary and voluntary simplifiers talked about the matter in connection with immaterial things or performance, and not in relation to achieving status or gaining prestigious possessions. Hence, while pride has previously been connected with objects that help someone win social admiration (Zammuner 1996), such as luxury products and brands (Huang et al 2014;McFerran et al 2011), our informants were proud of their social relationships and mental wellbeing. Moreover, the poor respondents were proud of their survival ability (Gorge et al 2015;Hamilton 2012), and the voluntary simplifiers of their daily green behaviors.…”

Naïve theories of emotions: Why people might (not) be uncertain or in conflict about felt emotions

“…Table 2 reports frequencies of belief motives for which SP might feel in conflict or uncertain ( Yes answers, disregarding event differences). Such attributions and their motives are perhaps best understood considering that participants often believed ( Zammuner, 2023, N2 ) that felt emotions would not be shared sincerely, i.e., would be regulated according to norms, by attenuating their intensity, or by not talking about them at all, or finally by reporting felt emotions with a greater intensity than actually felt (as reported, for instance, in Zammuner, 2011 ). Such discrepancies are likely to represent ‘ground data’ for participants’ attribution of conflict and uncertainty.…”

“…For instance, conflict was, overall, much less frequent for SADNESS, i.e. when legitimate emotions such as sadness, pain, shock, are felt, than for JEALOUSY and ENVY, constellations typically comprising negatively sanctioned emotions such as jealousy and envy ( Zammuner, 2023, N2 ). Likewise, conflict was not totally absent even for the positive constellations of PRIDE and JOY, a result, according to participants' beliefs (see sections below and Tables A1–A4 in the Supplementary Materials ), related to the norm-incongruent nature of some felt emotions, such as pride for PRIDE, and Euphoria for JOY.…”

“…Participants focused on ‘Other causes’ too ( Zammuner, 2023, N4 ) ( Table 2 ). Their frequency was quite low (range 8–16%) for PRIDE and SADNESS Conflict, and for JEALOUSY and JOY Uncertainty, not so low in the remaining cases (23–38%).…”

“…Second, participants differed in whether they supplied distinct explanations for conflict and uncertainty: answering the uncertainty question, that followed the conflict one, some just replied, ‘ Same reasons’ or, ‘ As said above’ . In such cases it is impossible to know if participants actually believed uncertainty could be explained by the cause(s) they invoked for conflict (e.g., ‘ The event is unexpected’ ), or if they were just tired, or unmotivated to answer ( Zammuner, 2023, N5 ). In sum, further studies, perhaps relying on both closed- and open-question methods, are necessary to assess individual differences more precisely.…”