Feline Coronavirus in Multicat Environments

Drechsler, Yvonne; Alcaraz, Ana; Bossong, Frank; Collisson, Ellen W.; Diniz, Pedro

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.08.004

Cited by 82 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Several studies have reported that age, breed, sex, and a multi‐cat environment are associated with FCoV infection and development of FIP (Addie et al., ; Bell, Malik, & Norris, ; Sharif et al., ; Worthing et al., ). In the present study, FCoV infection was significantly associated with living environment and age, which is in line with previous studies (Addie et al., ; Drechsler, Alcaraz, Bossong, Collisson, & Diniz, ; Tekelioglu et al., ); the positive rate of FCoV in a multi‐cat environment was higher than that in single cat households. These data suggest that a multi‐cat environment confers a high risk for FCoV infection and development of FIP in China.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Circulation and genetic diversity of Feline coronavirus type I andIIfrom clinically healthy andFIP‐suspected cats in China

Liu

Kong

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal infectious disease of wild and domestic cats, and the occurrence of FIP is frequently reported in China. To trace the evolution of type I and II feline coronavirus in China, 115 samples of ascetic fluid from FIP‐suspected cats and 54 fecal samples from clinically healthy cats were collected from veterinary hospitals in China. The presence of FCoV in the samples was detected by RT‐PCR targeting the 6b gene. The results revealed that a total of 126 (74.6%, 126/169) samples were positive for FCoV: 75.7% (87/115) of the FIP‐suspected samples were positive for FCoV, and 72.2% (39/54) of the clinically healthy samples were positive for FCoV. Of the 126 FCoV‐positive samples, 95 partial S genes were successfully sequenced. The partial S gene‐based genotyping indicated that type I FCoV and type II FCoV accounted for 95.8% (91/95) and 4.2% (4/95), respectively. The partial S gene‐based phylogenetic analyses showed that the 91 type I FCoV strains exhibited genetic diversity; the four type II FCoV strains exhibited a close relationship with type II FCoV strains from Taiwan. Three type I FCoV strains, HLJ/HRB/2016/10, HLJ/HRB/2016/11 and HLJ/HRB/2016/13, formed one potential new clade in the nearly complete genome‐based phylogenetic trees. Further analysis revealed that FCoV infection appeared to be significantly correlated with a multi‐cat environment (p < 0.01) and with age (p < 0.01). The S gene of the three type I FCoV strains identified in China, BJ/2017/27, BJ/2018/22 and XM/2018/04, exhibited a six nucleotide deletion (C4035AGCTC4040). Our data provide evidence that type I and type II FCoV strains co‐circulate in the FIP‐affected cats in China. Type I FCoV strains exhibited high prevalence and genetic diversity in both FIP‐affected cats and clinically healthy cats, and a multi‐cat environment and age (<6 months) were significantly associated with FCoV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Circulation and genetic diversity of Feline coronavirus type I andIIfrom clinically healthy andFIP‐suspected cats in China

Liu

Kong

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Instead, a study in Australia and Malaysia found no association between age and FCoV infection in cats (Bell et al, 2006;Sharif et al, 2009). Household cats living alone had the lowest risk of being FCoV seropositive, as reported in other studies (Addie et al, 2009;Drechsler et al, 2011). In contrast, this study found that household cats that cohabitated with other cats had a high risk of being FCoV seropositive, as has been previously shown (Foley et al, 1997;Herrewegh et al, 1997;Pedersen et al, 2004;Pesteanu-Somogyi et al, 2006;Sharif et al, 2009;Sabshin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Worldwide the prevalence of FCoV infections may be up to 90% in multi-cat environments and 10-60% in household cats (Herrewegh et al, 1997;Pedersen et al, 2004;Bell et al, 2006;Addie et al, 2009;Sharif et al, 2009;Taharaguchi et al, 2012). Detection of FCoV antibodies in the early stage of infection can be useful to minimize the spread of FCoVs in a breeding cattery, multi-cat household and FCoV-free household (Cave et al, 2004;Dye et al, 2008;Drechsler et al, 2011). Therefore, it is important to monitor cats living in multi-cat environments in order to reduce and control FCoV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective clinical and epidemiological study on feline coronavirus (FCoV) in cats in Istanbul, Turkey

Tekelioğlu¹,

Berriatua

Turan

et al. 2015

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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The presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), together with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen was investigated in 169 ill household and stray cats attending a veterinary surgery in Istanbul in 2009-14. The estimated FCoV and FIV seroprevalence (95% confidence intervals) were 37% (30-45%) and 11% (6-16%), respectively and FeLV prevalence was 1% (0-3%). FCoV seroprevalence increased until 2 years of age, was highest in 2014 and among household cats living with other cats and with outdoor access, and was lower in FIV seropositive compared to seronegative cats. Symptoms typically associated with wet feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) including ascites, abdominal distention or pleural effusion, coupled in many cases with non-antibiotic responsive fever, were observed in 19% (32/169) of cats, and 75% (24/32) of these cats were FCoV seropositive. FCoV seropositivity was also associated with a high white blood cell count, high plasma globulin, low plasma albumin and low blood urea nitrogen. The percentage of FCoV seropositive and seronegative cats that died in spite of supportive veterinary treatment was 33% (21/63) and 12% (13/106), respectively. These results indicate that FCoV is widespread and has a severe clinical impact in cats from Istanbul. Moreover, the incidence of FCoV infections could be rising, and in the absence of effective vaccination cat owners need to be made aware of ways to minimize the spread of this virus.

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“…Based on the presence or absence of protein-rich effusions in the abdominal and pleural cavities, wet (effusive), dry (noneffusive), and a combination of these two clinical forms (mixed form) of FIP can be distinguished (Drechsler et al, 2011;Hartmann, 2005;Kipar and Meli, 2014;Pedersen, 2009). In natural infections, the wet form seems to be more prevalent than the dry and mixed form, respectively (Pedersen, 2009).…”

Section: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Coronaviruses

Tekes

Thiel

2016

Advances in Virus Research

117

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) belongs to the few animal virus diseases in which, in the course of a generally harmless persistent infection, a virus acquires a small number of mutations that fundamentally change its pathogenicity, invariably resulting in a fatal outcome. The causative agent of this deadly disease, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), arises from feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). The review summarizes our current knowledge of the genome and proteome of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs), focusing on the viral surface (spike) protein S and the five accessory proteins. We also review the current classification of FCoVs into distinct serotypes and biotypes, cellular receptors of FCoVs and their presumed role in viral virulence, and discuss other aspects of FIPV-induced pathogenesis. Our current knowledge of genetic differences between FECVs and FIPVs has been mainly based on comparative sequence analyses that revealed "discriminatory" mutations that are present in FIPVs but not in FECVs. Most of these mutations result in amino acid substitutions in the S protein and these may have a critical role in the switch from FECV to FIPV. In most cases, the precise roles of these mutations in the molecular pathogenesis of FIP have not been tested experimentally in the natural host, mainly due to the lack of suitable experimental tools including genetically engineered virus mutants. We discuss the recent progress in the development of FCoV reverse genetics systems suitable to generate recombinant field viruses containing appropriate mutations for in vivo studies.

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Feline Coronavirus in Multicat Environments

Cited by 82 publications

References 153 publications

Circulation and genetic diversity of Feline coronavirus type I andIIfrom clinically healthy andFIP‐suspected cats in China

Circulation and genetic diversity of Feline coronavirus type I andIIfrom clinically healthy andFIP‐suspected cats in China

A retrospective clinical and epidemiological study on feline coronavirus (FCoV) in cats in Istanbul, Turkey

Feline Coronaviruses

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